Statement of the Problem
This section may be incorporated in your introduction or your purpose section, or it may stand
independently (it depends on the field). Some proposals start with the statement of the problem, rather
than a more general introduction. Regardless of placement, at some point you need to clearly identify the
problem or knowledge gap that your project is responding to. This section should:
• Answer the question: “What is the gap that needs to be filled?” and/or “What is the problem that
needs to be solved?”
• State the problem clearly early in a paragraph.
Purpose/Aims/ Research Questions
A clear statement of purpose will:
• Explain the goals and research objectives of the study (what do you hope to find?).
• Show the original contributions of your study by explaining how your research questions or
approach are different from previous research (what will you add to the field of knowledge?)
• Provide a more detailed account of the points summarized in the introduction.
• Include a rationale for the study (why should we study this?).
• Describe the research questions and objectives.
PART 2: LITERATURE BACKGROUND (1600 WORDS)
2.1. LITERATURE BACKGROUND
The main purpose of your literature is to discuss the main concepts and categories related to your
observation from previous debates in the academic community. You should identify previous evidence and
how those findings help to discuss your research in a critical manner. This discussion helps to set your
study within its wider context and to show the reader how your study supplements the work that has already
been done on your topic. The literature background directly informs your research questions or any specific
hypotheses that your research is designed to test. If, on the other hand, you are working inductively (that
is, from data to theory) your literature review serves the purpose of illuminating and enriching your
conclusions. The literature, also inform the reader on the research problem and justify your research.
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