Primary stress: see stress.
Prioritising: see ranking, rank ordering.
Problem solving
Learners work in pairs or groups to find the solution to a problem. Problem-solving activities usually help to develop
oral fluency.
Procedure
The details of exactly what is going to happen in each stage of a lesson, e.g. learners practise the language of
complaints in a role-play in pairs.
Process
noun + verb
To actively think about new information in order to understand it completely and be able to use it in future.
Process writing
An approach to writing, which thinks of writing as a process which includes different stages of writing such as
planning, drafting, re-drafting, editing, proofreading. See guided writing and product writing.
Product writing
An approach to writing which involves analysing and then reproducing models of particular text types. See guided
writing and process writing.
Productive skills
When learners produce language. Speaking and writing are productive skills. See receptive skills.
Proficiency
noun,
proficient
adjective
Level of ability; to be very good at something because of training and practice, e.g. speaking English.
Proficiency test: see test.
Profile: see class, learner profile.
Progress test: see test.
Project work
An activity which focuses on completing an extended task or tasks on a specific topic. Learners may work in groups
to create something such as a class magazine. Learners sometimes do some work by themselves, sometimes
outside the classroom.
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