Microsoft Word tfg vázquez Castaño, María docx
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Vázquez Castaño María
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requiem or pater), and then words related with the study and practice of the law (e.g.
conviction, memorandum and persecutor), other legal words and phrases more exclusive of this field (e.g. alias and habeas corpus), terms of the schools and writing (e.g. abecedary, et cetera, index and simile) and varied scientific terms (e.g. diaphragm, mercury, comet, gladiol, locust and chrysoberyl). In addition to this classification, there are many other technical words introduced in this period that cannot be grouped as easily (e.g. depression, confederate and adjure) (Serjeantson 1968: 259-261). In Table 3 some more examples of Latin borrowings into ME are classified according to their semantic fields. The so-called “aureate terms” were also borrowed in this period, developing a style that alternated between English and Latin forms. These words exclusively used for literary purposes kept their pure Latin form and were used by, for instance, many of Chaucer’s successors, who conceived the aureate (“< aureātus decorated with gold” (OED s.v. aureate adj.)) style as the golden style of the English language; nevertheless, their introduction into the Middle English vocabulary is not as remarkable, since they did not become part of the real English vocabulary (Sheard 1970: 246). 23 Semantic field ME borrowings Ecclesiastical terms gloria, magnificent, lector, diocese, salvator, psalm, alleluia, sabbat… Study and practice of the law arbitrator, client, defalcation, equivalent, executor, hereditament, legitimate, pauper… Exclusively legal words “alias, dedimus, habeas corpus, subpœna, prima facie […]” Terms of the schools and writing allegory, cause, desk, ergo, formal, library, memento, neuter… Scientific terms: medicine hepatic, orbit, dislocate, ligament, saliva… Scientific terms: alchemy ether, sal effronium, calcine, distillation, fermentation… Scientific terms: astronomy ascension, dial, equinoxium, intercept, retrograde… Scientific terms: botany cardamon, juniper, pine… Scientific terms: zoology asp, cicade, lacert… Scientific terms: mineralogy adamant, chalcedony, onyx… Other technical words aliment, colony, compact, immortal, dissent, infect… Table 3. Middle English borrowings from Latin (Serjeantson 1968: 259-261) If Tables 1 and 2 are compared with Table 3 it is possible to appreciate that in the ME period the Latin borrowings seem not to be as well adapted to the English language concerning their form as in the previous period. This has to do with the fact that, in general, Latin borrowings introduced during the OE period are indeed shorter than those introduced in the ME period. The English native vocabulary has always been characterised by its short forms, so polysyllabic Latin borrowings in the ME period, like legitimate or magnificent, point at a lower degree of integration into the language. In contrast with the OE period, in the ME period loanwords seem to prevail over semantic borrowings (including both semantic loans and loan translations). However, the detection of the latter is often more difficult. An example of this kind of borrowing is the creation of Middle English black salt after the Latin term sal niger, as a case of a loan translation (Durkin 2014: 264). 24 Even though borrowing did also occur in the OE period, the Norman Conquest led to the adoption of such a high number of words of French and Latin origin into ME that more than half of the OE vocabulary disappeared, as native words were eventually replaced by those borrowings (Trask 1996: 20). Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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