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Latin influence on English vocabulary
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3. Latin influence on English vocabulary
Most of the languages we find in the world, if not all, borrow or have borrowed lexical and semantic items from another language, at least at a particular stage of their history. As a consequence of that borrowing, languages have enriched their vocabulary by other means different from those native processes through which languages evolve through time. Since lexical borrowing, as we have already seen in chapter 2, involves taking an already created form and/or meaning from another language, the process of acquisition of new vocabulary items is usually much faster than the native strategies for vocabulary expansion, and this is the reason why the speakers of a given language tend to resort to lexical borrowing when they need to introduce a new concept or idea into their language. English is not an exception to this general rule. In fact, Serjeantson (1968: 1) argues that “[t]he English language has throughout its history accepted with comparative equanimity words from other languages with which it has been in contact.” As we will see throughout the analysis of the different periods, borrowing tends not to affect the basic vocabulary, that is, the words of a language showing a higher frequency usually trace back to a native origin. Moreover, the word-category of nouns tends to be the most highly affected by borrowing because of three reasons: it is one of the most numerous categories of words, if not the most numerous; new concepts and ideas tend to be coined through nouns; and nouns tend to be easier to adapt to the grammatical features of the borrowing language (Trask 1996: 23). Latin influence over the English language has shown to be pervasive throughout the different periods of its history. Since Latin and English are both of Indo-European origin, thus belonging to the same language family, they share a common heritage that can be perceived in those words reflecting the common ideas in the speakers’ minds of both languages (Sheard 1970: 94). However, they developed differently into two distinguished language groups: Italic, in the case of Latin, and Germanic, in the case of English. It is not an easy task to establish a date in which the influence of Latin on English started; however, we do know that this influence began even before the English language came 13 to be an independent language from the Germanic group, and, since then, Latin has continued to exert a certain influence on English until the very present day. Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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