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The Prophet’s letters to Monarchs and Potentates 
Once he had finalised the Treaty of Hudaybia, the Prophet
was free to spread the word of Allah farther. He sent letters to 
monarchs and nobles of several lands inviting them to Islam and 
reminding them of their responsibility to Allah. These letters are 
given below in condensed form: 
Letter to the king of Abyssinia 
To As-Huma bin Abjar, the Abyssinian king, the Prophet 
wrote: “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most 
Merciful.” “This is a letter addressed to As-Huma, the Monarch 
of Abyssinia, from Muhammad, the Prophet of Allah.” 
“Peace of Allah be upon those who follow Guidelines and 
have faith in Allah and His Messenger. I bear witness that there is 
none worthy of worship except Allah, the One without partners. 
He neither took a wife nor adopted a son, and I bear witness that 
Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, I call you to Islam, for 
I am His Messenger. Embrace Islam that you may find peace.” 

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207 
“[Allah says in the Qur’an]: O people of the Book: Come to 
that which is common between you and us, that we may serve 
none but Allah, nor associate anything with Him, nor take others 
for Lords besides Allah. But if they turn away, then say: Bear 
witness that we are Muslims.” “If you reject this, then on you 
shall rest the sin of your people.” 
This letter was sent through Amr bin Umayya Damri. As-
huma received the letter and kissed it with his eyes. He then rose 
from his throne to embrace Islam under the tutelage of Ja’far bin 
Abi Talib. In his reply to the Prophet , As-huma pledged 
allegiance and confessed his faith. Later he finalised the marriage 
of Umm Habeebah bint Abu Sufyan to the Prophet , and 
paid four hundred dinars in dower on the Prophet’s behalf. He 
then sent Umm Habeebah back along with the emigrants of 
Abyssinia in two boats under the escort of Amr bin Umayya 
Damri. The Muslims from Abyssinia arrived in Madinah while the 
Prophet was away in Khaybar. 
King As-huma passed away in Rajab, 9 A.H. The Prophet
announced the news of his death on the same day, and performed 
his funeral prayer in absentia. The Prophet wrote to his 
successor calling him to Islam, but it was not known whether he 
accepted Islam.