Midterm test

By whom was defined the phoneme as a “family” of sounds?
41. By whom was developed and perfected the phonemic theory of L.A. Baudouin de Courtrney?
42. Who was the first to define the phoneme as a real, independent distinctive unit which manifests itself in the form of allophones?
43. Prof. V.A. Vassilyev stated that a phoneme is a dialectical unity of three aspects: What aspect he mentioned about?
44. What do you understand by allophones?
45. What phonetic term do we mean by a distribution of the same phoneme?
46. Where can we observe the realization of allophones?
47. Give examples of allophones which have phonetic similarity, but differ in some degree of differentiating words proposed by S.F. Leontyeva?
48. By subsidiary are called?
49. Subsidiary allophones can be?
50. What type of allophones is the result of assimilation, adaptation, accommodation?
51. Give examples of Positional allophones
52. What is an Orthoepic norm?
53. How many forms of a national language do you know and what are they?
54. What is an accent?
55. What is a dialect?
56. Dialects are distinguished from each other by?
57. What standard regional types of pronunciation of the British Isles do you know?
58. What types of pronunciation of the USA do you know?
59. What is a Received Pronunciation?
60. By Styles of pronunciation we mean?
61. The branch of phonetics investigating the positions and movements of speech organs (lips, tongue etc.) in producing speech is known as:
62. The branch of phonetics investigating the physical properties of speech sounds as transmitted between the (mouth