Ministry of digital technologies of the republic of
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MamayusupovShodmon 712-19 (5)
Food poisoning. In case of food poisoning, first of all, it is necessary to clean the
stomach from toxic food residues. It is best to drink water with 10 grams of salt per liter of water. 2-3 cups of such water are enough to induce a state of intoxication. The assistance provided to a person affected by electric current before the arrival of a medical professional is considered in two parts: rescue from electric shock and first aid. In turn, rescue from the effects of current can be of several types. The easiest and most convenient way is to turn off the current coming to that part of the electrical device. If this is not possible (for example, the circuit breaker is far away), then in 54 electrical devices with a current voltage of no more than 1000 V, cut the electrical wires with an ax with a wooden handle, or dry the victim's clothes if there is, you can be saved from the effects of the current by taking off his clothes. If the voltage of the electric current is more than 1000 V, then dielectric gloves and electric tools with strong electrical insulation should be used. First aid for an electrocuted person depends on his condition. If the affected person has not lost consciousness, it is necessary to keep him calm and wait for the arrival of a doctor or take him to a treatment facility quickly. If the person has lost consciousness due to electric current, but breathing and heart system are working, then it is necessary to lay him down in a dry and comfortable place, loosen the belt and collar and provide fresh air. Smelling rubbing alcohol, splashing water on the face, rubbing the body and hands will give good results. If the injured person has difficulty breathing, there is a state of trembling, but the heartbeat rhythm is relatively good, then it is necessary to perform artificial respiration on this person. In case of clinical death, along with artificial respiration, it is necessary to massage the heart from the upper side. Artificial respiration should be started as soon as the victim's condition has been determined. Artificial respiration is carried out by the so-called "mouth-to- mouth" method, that is, the helper fills his lungs with air and blows this air through the mouth of the injured person into his lungs. The air coming out of a human lung has been found to have enough oxygen for a second human lung to function. In this method, the injured person is laid on his back, his mouth is opened and cleaned of foreign objects. In order to open the airway, the head is raised with one hand and the forehead is raised, and with the other hand, the throat is pulled to the same line as the neck. After that, the injured person takes a full chest breath and forcefully blows this air through his mouth. In this case, the helper should completely cover the injured person with his mouth and cover his nose with the help of his face or paws. After that, the helper raises his head and airs his lungs again. At this time, the injured person exhales passively. Blowing about 10-12 times per minute can also be done through gauze, a napkin and a tube. Even if the injured person recovers independent breathing, artificial respiration is 55 continued until the patient regains consciousness. will come. The consequences of these destructions can be described as follows: As a result of the destruction and collapse of residential buildings, people who were trapped under the rubble of the building were killed. It is possible that people were not killed by the earthquake, but because they were trapped under the debris of buildings that were destroyed by the earthquake. If the earthquakes include cities or large villages, they can cause explosions and fires. The main reason for this is that there are short circuits in many places as a result of the breakdown of electric lines in cities and villages, and the gases accumulated as a result of the breakdown of gas distribution and gas supply pipes in these cities and villages create an environment suitable for explosion due to the effect of electric sparks. If there are many easily flammable substances stored in the city, the consequences can be more terrible; Earthquakes and landslides caused by large earthquakes can leave entire villages and urban areas underground or under rubble. If there are rivers, canals, ponds and other water structures near the places of residence of the population, as a result of their destruction, changes in the course of the rivers, there is a risk of inundation of those places. In addition to these, natural disasters in other parts of the world, for example, as a result of volcanic eruptions, there have been cases of people's deaths as a result of the poisonous smoke from the volcanic eruption engulfing the areas with thousands of inhabitants and these smokes not dispersing for several days. In addition, when volcanoes erupt, a large amount of ash and soot is thrown out, this soot can cover several tens of hectares of land. In addition, when volcanoes erupt, a large amount of ash and soot is thrown out, this soot can cover several tens of hectares of land. Residents living near seas and oceans have to deal with disasters such as floods and hurricanes and tsunamis. These events have a negative effect on the mental state of people. As a result, people develop depression, fear, and in some cases, mental illness. Usually, earthquakes start suddenly. B in which the feeling of fear in people leads to confusion. Confused people tend to rush to exits from rooms or buildings, and 56 because of this sudden rush, in crowded buildings, fights break out in exits, where one person does not think at all about giving way to another, and saving one's life becomes the first priority for everyone. This caused additional tragedies. Therefore, it is important to organize an early warning service for people in earthquake-prone areas and to implement measures aimed at preventing confusion. In such places, people also do not have the opportunity to quickly return to the house after leaving the house; firstly, if the feeling of fear interferes with this, and secondly, it is also possible that the house to which he will return is in ruins. That's why it is necessary to prepare in advance the issues of providing enough wards to build ward towns from such areas and measures to prevent them from losing their life activities, food and drinking water. Means to shut down the energy network with the help of automated systems aimed at preventing accidents in industrial enterprises and energy networks located in this area should be prepared in advance. It is clear from what has been said that it is important to know in advance the time of an earthquake in earthquake-prone areas and to inform the population of its occurrence in time, and to act calmly without getting confused if it is not possible to leave the place during an earthquake. that is, if there are strong and durable furniture between the doors, waiting for the consequences and completion of the earthquake under them is the main way to avoid the earthquake. Currently, it is possible to determine seismically dangerous regions in the world, even by determining which place can have an earthquake of up to how many points. All countries with earthquake-prone areas have seismic stations and seismological research centers and laboratories. These stations and laboratories are closely connected with each other and opportunities for information exchange have been established. It is possible to receive and transfer these services through the Internet system. The main tasks of these stations and institutes are to predict the exact time of an earthquake as accurately as possible based on scientific grounds in advance and to warn the people of the earthquake danger in order to save their lives. Although some work has been done in this regard, for example, it is possible to accurately predict the location and time of an earthquake, but 57 it is not possible to accurately predict the time of an earthquake. there is no satisfaction. The time of earthquakes can be determined by traditional methods, for example, by determining the composition of groundwater and determining the amount of radon in water, and by other experiments, that is, the periodicity of previous earthquakes and other special signs: animals in earthquake-prone areas. It is possible to predict earthquakes by wild animals trying to run away from the place and other signs. Floods in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a result of the failure of dams and other water barriers due to some unfortunate incident, there was a risk of flooding in the areas below the reservoir. Since such water reservoirs are organized in all irrigated areas, this risk exists even in the regions. It should also be noted that most of the territory of our Republic is made up of mountainous regions. As an example, several districts of Tashkent region, Fergana Valley regions, Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya districts can be cited. During spring rains, floods and landslides occur in these areas. Due to the fact that such floods occur in the mountainous regions, the water collected in the mountains is directed to the valleys, and when there is a big flood, the water can overflow the valleys by carrying away the stones and as a result, it can cause great destruction. In almost all of these regions, all the rivers and streams that flow to the valley floor are provided with protection devices. Depending on the situation, there are events that are not taken into account in some districts. Even though people have been moved from areas prone to floods to safe places, some farmers who have learned there temporarily settle and try to use the fertile lands there, floods may create a dangerous situation for them. It is known that if there is a risk of flooding as a result of dams and dams in water reservoirs, it will take 3-4 hours for water to reach residential areas. During this period, measures will be taken to move people, livestock, and the most necessary equipment from places that may be flooded to safe places. First of all, farm buildings and various industrial facilities, buildings where people must gather are not built in places where there is a possibility of floods. Some forced-construction buildings may also be constructed after measures have been taken 58 to mitigate or prevent the hazard. During floods, the main task of rescuers is to save people who did not manage to leave the place during the flood, and to ensure the least possible damage to common wealth, if it is possible to save some economic objects and material wealth by building temporary dams. if so, then it is to implement measures to implement this work. After that, the water stored in our reservoirs is not infinite, so it will soon begin to decrease. In this case, it is necessary to start the engineering and technical works aimed at ensuring that the damaged buildings are not completely damaged and destroyed. Among these works are the works aimed at ensuring the stability of intact buildings, removing the accumulated water in the basement and lower floors with the help of pumps and other auxiliary means, and moving some material assets in these places to safe places and including provision of temporary residences for the displaced population. Emergency responders are also tasked with restoring communications in flooded areas. In other parts of the European Union, for example, in Russia, floods are common almost every spring. Almost all Siberian rivers flow into the Arctic Ocean. The sources of these rivers are mostly in the southern mountainous regions. In these areas, there is a lot of precipitation, the melted snow starts from aw al jatiub and then goes north, and at this time, because the riverbeds are frozen from end to end, snowshoes begin to move over the ice, and because the northern highlands have not yet warmed up, this the waters freeze and cause the river bed to become shallower. At a certain level, the collected water is re-directed and freezes. Thus, the river bed is completely covered with ice. If the warming of the air had been at a constant rate, then it would have flooded the plains that were to be flooded and then gradually moved along the direction. During this period, if the air warms up in the beginning of the river, the ice there will start to melt very quickly and it will not be possible to transfer this large amount of water through the frozen river bed. As a result, the water can overwhelm the entire area, and in this case, measures to artificially melt the ice that is still frozen like stone or break it up by organizing powerful explosions will have to open the waterway. The events of 2001 can be cited as an example. According to the information of the 59 Russian television, this year's floods caused damage to Irkutsk Oblast in the amount of 9 million rubles, and it is noted that the damage to Yakutistan is several times greater than this. Since some villages in Yakutia were completely destroyed, they are being relocated. Winds are considered as a simple phenomenon of nature. But when they increase, they become a real natural disaster, and this disaster can kill thousands of people, destroy the roofs of houses and even themselves, overturn cars, sink ships in the seas, and in some cases, strong typhoons. with the destruction of entire cities and the destruction caused by earthquakes, it is included in the list of natural disasters. As a strong cyclone, they are formed around large-scale anticyclones as the main driving force of nature. The speed of winds during storms can reach extremely high speeds, even exceeding the speed of sound (the speed of sound in air is 331.8 m/s=1194 km/h). It is known that hurricanes cause great damage to regions and countries located along oceans and seas. Organizational work against fire is carried out during the design and construction of industrial enterprises. Fire barriers can be pointed out among these organizational works. These include fire walls, doors, hatches, hatches and windows. Fire barriers must be made of non-combustible materials and have the following fire resistance limits (in hours). Main fire wall-2.5 hours. Doors, windows and gates in fire walls - 1.2 hours. Non-main wall-0.75 hours. Door, windows, as well as drum, gateways on the non-main wall 0.6 hours. It should be noted here that walls made of stone and other natural minerals meet the above requirements for fire resistance limits. If the walls are concrete, the fire resistance limit of the concrete used for its foundation and the walls between them is taken into account. Download 1.29 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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