Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan the ministry for development of information

 
Task to perform.
Study the materials of the laboratory work.

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Laboratory work # 8 
Theme: Cellular base stations and their antenna part 
Purpose: To study the principle of operation of a cellular base station 
and their antenna parts 
This time we will focus on base stations. Let us consider various technical 
aspects of their placement, design and range, as well as look inside the antenna 
unit itself. 
Base stations. General information 
This is how the cellular antennas installed on the roofs of buildings look 
like. These antennas are an element of a base station (BS), specifically, a device 
for receiving and transmitting a radio signal from one subscriber to another, and 
then through an amplifier to a base station controller and other devices. Being 
the most visible part of the BS, they are installed on antenna masts, roofs of 
residential and industrial buildings, and even chimneys. Today you can find 
more exotic options for their installation, in Russia they are already installed on 
lighting poles, and in Egypt they are even "disguised" as palm trees. 
Fig. 8.1. Basa station construction. 
The base station can be connected to the operator's network by radio relay 
communication, therefore, next to the "rectangular" antennas of the BS units, 
you can see a radio relay dish: 

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Fig. 8.2. Base station antenna part. 
With the transition to more modern standards of the fourth and fifth 
generations, to meet their requirements, stations will need to be connected 
exclusively via fiber optics. In modern BS designs, optical fiber becomes an 
integral medium for transmitting information even between nodes and blocks of 
the BS itself. For example, the figure below shows the design of a modern base 
station, where a fiber optic cable is used to transfer data from the RCU (Remote 
Controlled Units) antenna to the base station itself (shown by the orange line). 
Fig.8.3. Structure of Base station. 

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The base station equipment is located in non-residential premises of the 
building, or is installed in specialized containers (fixed on walls or poles), 
because modern equipment is quite compact and can easily fit into the system 
unit of a server computer. Often the radio module is installed next to the antenna 
unit, this allows to reduce losses and dissipation of the power transmitted to the 
antenna.