Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Health care

Despite the relatively “young” population of the republic, health care costs in the country's budget are very significant - 15.3% for 2018 [81]. Healthcare in Uzbekistan is represented by state and private medical and preventive institutions. Over the years of independence, Uzbek health care has undergone significant changes, a unique system of emergency medical care centers has been created, equipped with relatively modern equipment. Emergency medical care centers provide free medical care to the population both at the primary, pre-hospital stage and at the level of qualified inpatient care.

Culture

Culture and social relations in Uzbekistan have a long history. Among the mass media (more than 1300), it is worth highlighting the National Television and Radio Company of Uzbekistan, regional television and radio companies, FM radio stations, government newspapers, as well as Internet resources. The television and radio industry in Uzbekistan has developed rapidly due to the transition to digital technologies.

In 2010, 881 printed publications were published in the country. In Uzbekistan, newspapers are published in Uzbek, Karakalpak (Erkin Karakalpakstan), Tajik (Ovozi tozhik), Kazakh (Nurly Zhol), Russian and other languages. Book publishing is also developed: the total annual circulation of books published in the republic in 2000-2010 increased from 8.9 million copies. up to 28.5 million copies However, the distribution of publications among the population is constrained by the fact that after privatization the bookseller network fell into decay: in Uzbekistan in 1990–2010, the number of bookstores fell from 657 to 70.
Economy

In terms of gold reserves, the republic occupies the 4th place in the world, and in terms of its production it is 7th place (about 92 tons of gold annually), in terms of copper reserves - 10-11 place; uranium - 11-12 place, and in its production - 7-8 place (According to the World Nuclear Association, European Nuclear Society and British Geological Survey, Uzbekistan is in 12th place in the world in terms of uranium reserves and 7th in its production (see article Uranus by country).

Sectoral structure of GDP for 2017: agriculture - 19.3%, industry - 33.4%, services - 47.3%.
In 1994-1995, a large-scale privatization was carried out in the country: in 2 years, 18,281 enterprises were transferred to private hands and transformed into joint-stock companies. The second, smaller wave of privatization took place in 2001-2005, when 6,698 enterprises were denationalized. If during the first wave about 21% of enterprises were privatized through corporatization, then in 2001-2005 this figure was just over 8%. In 2007-2010, privatization proceeded exclusively through direct sales, not corporatization. In total, in 1994-2010, 30,731 enterprises were denationalized in the republic (corporatization and direct sales to private hands).

At the moment, about 40 deposits with uranium reserves have been explored in the country, the basis of which is 27 deposits. According to the information center of the State Committee for Geology and Mineral Resources of the republic, the explored and estimated reserves of uranium amount to 185.8 thousand tons. The republic does not have its own nuclear industry, all produced low-enriched uranium is exported.

A powerful mineral resource base has been created in Uzbekistan, which is one of the main items of foreign exchange earnings in the country's economy. Today this base is made up of more than 1,800 deposits and about 1,644 prospective occurrences of minerals, 118 types of mineral raw materials, of which 65 are being developed. Mineral resources of Uzbekistan are estimated by experts at about $ 11 trillion.

Developed cotton market. In 2017, 2.9 million tons of raw cotton were harvested, and in 2014 a record grain harvest was harvested (over 8 million tons). Significant untouched reserves of oil and gas. Current gas production makes a decisive contribution to electricity generation. Experience in the production of agricultural machines. In the city of Asake, in the suburb of Andijan, there is a large GM Uzbekistan plant that produces cars under licenses from Daewoo and Chevrolet. Also, the Tashkent Tractor Plant produces agricultural machinery and equipment and spare parts for them.

The national company Uzbekneftegaz ranks 11th in the world in terms of natural gas production (annual gas production is 60-70 billion m³). 194 deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials, of which gas and condensate - 98, oil and gas, oil and oil and gas condensate - 96.

Geological oil reserves - 5 billion tons.

Proved oil reserves - 530 million tons (as of the beginning of 2016, proven oil reserves in Uzbekistan amounted to 81 million tons);

Geological reserves of natural gas - more than 5 trillion m³.

Proved reserves of natural gas - 3.4 trillion m³.

Oil production - 3.5 million tons per year.

The largest corporations in the energy sector are CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation), Petronas (Malaysia), KNOC (Korea), Gazprom, Lukoil, Uzbekneftgas.

The largest bill - 100,000 soums, is equal in value to $ 12 (as of May 2019).

On September 5, 2017, the Uzbek authorities devalued the national currency, bringing down its rate by 48%: up to 8100 soums against 4210.35 soums the day before. At the same time, restrictions on the purchase of foreign currency by individuals (with the exception of individual entrepreneurs) were retained.
From April 1, 2018, it became available to withdraw cash foreign currency from international plastic cards without restrictions.

The most important agricultural products of Uzbekistan, in addition to cotton, are fruits, vegetables and grain (wheat, rice and corn).

The main energy resources of the state are natural gas (proven reserves of up to 2 trillion cubic meters, including the large Shurtanskoye (0.5 trillion cubic meters) and Alanskoye (0.2 trillion cubic meters) fields, the large Urga field with reserves of up to 1.5 trillion cubic meters has been explored. ), coal (Angren deposit with reserves of up to 1.9 billion tons of brown coal), reserves of uranium ores (total up to 230 thousand tons of uranium, including the largest - Uchkuduk deposit) and hydropower (rivers Chirchik, Akhangaran (Angren), Surkhandarya and many small ones).

Uzbekistan is named the country with one of the fastest growing economies in the world (top 26) in the coming decades according to the global bank HSBC (World in 2050 report) f. Archived May 12, 2013.

As of July 1, 2019, there are 66.6 thousand enterprises in the Republic, about 14.5 thousand of them are located in the capital.

Uzbekistan first received a sovereign credit rating in 2018. Fitch has assigned a 'BB-' rating to the country with a stable outlook.

Uzbekistan placed its first $ 1 billion Eurobonds in London in 2019. Most of the issue was bought by investors from the UK.