Mirzo salimbekning rus davlati tarixi haqida qarashlari

The main part.
Mirzo Salimbek (1848-1930) was a great statesman and historian of the Bukhara Emirate. During his career, he managed state and public affairs under Amir Muzaffar, Amir Abdulakhad Khan and Amir Olim Khan. Mahir is an important person in our history as a skilled diplomat and politician. During the reign of Amir Muzaffar, the Emirate of Bukhara became a protectorate of Tsarist Russia. During this period, as a colonial government official, Mirzo Salimbek protected the interests of his country. After the death of Amir Abdulkhadkhan to the throne, attention was paid to improving the relations of Bukhara with Tsarist Russia. For this purpose, Amir Abdulkhad Khan sent his representatives to Russia in the early period of his reign. Mirzo Salimbek was among them¹.
Mirzo Salimbek mentions the activities of the Tsar's embassy to Russia as follows: "Amir Abdulakhad Khan came from the Karmana region after the death of his father and got the throne of Bukhara. All the ulama and umaro (officials) made the citizens comfortable and calm. Amoratpanok Ostanaqul Qushbegi, governor of Hisar sent Shodmonbi with several people as an ambassador to Petersburg. Among them was the author of the book Uroq (Mirzo Salimbek nicknamed himself "Uroq" in his works). There was no train at that time. We rode the Russian mail carts to Orenburg, and from there we took a coach to St. Petersburg. By the order of Emperor Alexander Aleksadrovich, we were brought to the hotel called Malamorskoi Goran atelier, and we were accommodated as many members. The fact that this group of ambassadors was received with great respect in Russia can be learned from the following details of Mirzo Salimbek: he visited the great emperor and presented each of us with a badge, a gold watch, and angustarin (rings) with diamonds. They showed all the palaces and castles of the kingdom, the city in the sea called Kranshtat. He kept us for sixty-two days, then he allowed us to come to Bukhara and visit the emir.
Editor Uraq (ie Mirzo Salimbek) was an official in Hitfar and Somjin districts at that time. Of course, the Tsar's government also had a specific political goal from such a compliment, that is, by introducing the cities, factories and architectural monuments of the empire, the fact that the Russian Empire is a powerful country, and that the people of Central Asia will rely on the Russian Empire as a permanent patron in the future. the idea of ​​need was also inculcated. Mirzo Salimbek in his work "Kashkuli Salimiy and his history in the past and in the past" also provides brief information about the history of the Russian state. These are as follows: In 882 AD, a man named Yurik from the Slavic Russian tribe became a prince in several regions. After his death, Oleg became a prince and took the Kiev region and turned it into the capital. After his death, Igor became a prince and strengthened the oppression. The Russians killed him and made his son Sviatislav a prince. He oppressed the people like his father. He was also executed and his son Vladimir was made a prince in 972 AD.
At the time of Vladimir, the Russian Slavs were pagans. In 988 AD, he led an army to Greece, won, and wanted to marry the daughter of the Greek king. They said, we are Christians, we follow the religion of Jesus. We will not give our daughter to pagans. Vladimir returned from paganism and converted to Christianity. He marries Anna, the daughter of a Greek emperor (king). He brought together a group of Christians and held a big wedding, converting his tribes from paganism to Christianity. Vladimir had many sons. They made them princes of each region and started calling them Udel princes. The prince of the Kiev region was called the great prince. After Vladimir's death, his eldest son Yaroslavl became the grand prince. Organized the court of justice. He gave the governors a "Law" that they would pass laws on. In 1054, a great prince named Svyatoslav died, and Svyatopolk succeeded him became a great prince. Svyatopolk died in 1113, and Vladimir Soniy (Vladimir Monomakh) became the grand prince in his place. During this period, the previously ruined regions became prosperous. Vladimir Soni died in 1225, the differences between the princes increased, Kiev was ruined and they scattered everywhere. After Vladimir Soni, his son Yuri Dolgoruky became a prince and brought Russia to a much more peaceful state. He made Rostov region his capital. After his death, his son Andrey Bogolyubsky ascended to the princely position and made the city of Vladimir, founded by his grandfather, his capital. Andrey Bogolyubsky was very merciless and replaced by Vsevolod Bolshoi Gnezdo. Vsevolod Bolshoy Gnezdo's offspring (sons) were numerous, appointing a prince from them to each region, and individual principalities grew stronger during this period. At that time there lived a boyar in the Moscow region. In 1147, the Moscow region became a city and began to develop day by day.
In 1224 AD, the Tatar people came from the Asian continent to the banks of the Don River, expelled the Polovtsian tribe from there, and made it their home. When the Russian people heard that the Tatars were coming, they were terrified. The Polovtsians appealed to the Russians for help. Prince Svyatoslav fought with a large army of Tatars. The Tatars send ambassadors and we are not going to fight with the Russians, we will not interfere with them. Prince Svyatoslav kills representatives of the Tatars. The Tatars retreated without a fight and went another way. The Russians were happy and chased after the Tatars, crying that they were afraid of us. The Tatars saw that the Russians would not leave them alone, they attacked the Russian army from four sides and executed them. Russian soldiers fled. They say that the Tatars were from the Mongolian people and were rich nomads. They used to walk in the desert and mountains. That is why the Russians called them Tatars.
Many generations and tribes spread from the Tatar people, and each of them was called Nogai, Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, etc. In some histories, it is mentioned that the Kolim river or its name was called Tot, Tatars built a settlement on the banks of this Tot river. Therefore, the name of this people was also called Tatar after the name of the river Tot. Although the Tatar people came from the Chinese region, they became known to Russia in 1220. At that time, Genghis Khan from the Mongols attacked and subjugated all of Asia. In 1224, the Tatars conquered many regions in order to expand their lands in the European climate. A Tatar named Botukhon (grandson of Genghis Khan) conquered Kiev and accepted their religion without touching the peoples. In 1240, the Tatars took many Russian regions and built a city called Khan Balik in the Kipchak steppe. He established the Tatar state and did not interfere with their administration. They gave each Sur region to the former princes and received a certain amount of tribute every year. Appointing princes and removing them from their duties was at the discretion of the Tatar king. Botukhon appoints Alexander Nevsky as the grand prince of the Moscow region. He always supported him by subordinating other Udelni princes to him. In 1263, Alexander Nevsky died, and for 65 years, conspiracies broke out between the princes, and there were wars between them, killing each other. After that, Alexander Nevsky sent many peshkashes to his grandson, a Tatar khan named Ivan. He became a grand prince in Moscow. Zohirin was subject to the Tatar Khan. He began to try to become independent from the Tatars. Ivan died in 1340 AD, and several of his descendants became princes. Ivan Kalita's grandson, Dmitriy, was a grand prince in Moscow and refused to pay the annual tribute to the Tatar Khan Mamai. Mamaykhanni killed his ambassadors. Gathering a large army, he fought in the Kulikov region in 1380 and defeated the Tatar army. Dmitry Ivanovich was nicknamed Donskoy.
The Tatar people removed Mamaykhan from the khanate and made Tokhtamyshkhan the king. Tokhtamysh Khan came with his troops and besieged Moscow and made Dmitry Donskoy subordinate to him. He forced to pay the tax. Dmitri died in 1389. His son Vasiliy became the grand prince in Moscow. Strengthening friendship with the Tatar khan, with the help of the Tatars, many regions of Russia were subordinated to Moscow. After Vasiliy died, his son Vasiliy Tyomniy became the prince in Moscow in his place and ruled until the year 1462. Day by day their influence (influence) on the Russians decreased. At that time, Amir Temur's army attacked and defeated the Khan of the Golden Horde, and the Tatars were afraid of Amir Temur and dispersed in all directions². After the departure of Amir Temur, the Tatars gathered again and united Ashtarkhan, Crimea and Kazan and formed their own state. Until the time of Ivan Solis, the Tatar state gradually weakened. In 1463, Ivan Soniy raised the princes of Udelny from the middle and began to unite the Russian lands around Moscow, and declared himself the tsar. Regulated the laws of justice. He united the Russians and Pro-Slavs. He ruled as an independent king for forty-two years. After his death, his son Vasiliy Soni became the king. After ruling for 27 years, after his death, his son Ivan the Terrible became the tsar. He subordinated Kazan, Astrakhan and Siberia to the Russian state until 1584. In particular, he had strong enmity towards the Tatars. After his death, his son Fyodor became the tsar. Seven years later, Fyodor died, leaving no descendants.
There were fifteen princes and kings from Yurik's descendants. After that, everyone was transferred to the throne. After a few days, they would kill him or dethrone him. Until 1613, many riots and wars took place. In this history, with the advice of the boyars, Mikhail Fedorovich Ramanov was made the Tsar of Moscow, and the current emperors are his descendants. Mikhail Fedorovich died after ruling for thirty-two years. His son Alexei became the king instead. In 1676, Alexey died, and his son Fyodor took his place and reigned for six years. After his death, his 6-year-old son Pyotr was made king. Her work was done by her mother Anna. After Pyotr came of age, he took over the overall affairs. Kurd's Russia has fallen on the brink of ignorance and turned into a country far behind in development. He took some young people (most of them from the boyars' descendants) and sent them to the farang regions and ordered them to acquire all kinds of knowledge if they wanted. He brought scholars from Farang countries and introduced schools. He went to England and studied shipbuilding. After returning, he forced all the people to wear European clothes. He cut their beards, shortened their dresses, and made women equal to men. Several mosques were built and commercial activities were developed. He built the city of Petersburg. He started the journey of ships to the seas. He subjugated Poland and Finland to Russia. After that, he declared himself the emperor. He died in 1725. Little has been told of his deeds. He is the first emperor of Russia. After Peter, his wife Catherine became the empress. He died two years later and was succeeded by Peter the Great (Peter II), who died three years later at the age of five, leaving no children. Ivan Alekseyevich's daughter Anna Ivanovna was made empress. Having reigned for ten years, he died, and his daughter Elizaveta Petrovna ascended the throne in his place. He ruled for twenty years, died at the age of 40, and was succeeded by Peter III. A year later, Ekaterina II became empress after deposing her husband. expanded the Russian state. He divided Russia into 52 governorates and made things easier for the subjects. He established a court of justice and a post office, opened medical schools, and separate schools for men and women. During his reign, he conquered many provinces from Turkey. Catherine reigned for 34 years. After his death, his son Pavel became the emperor. After reigning for five years, his son Alexander became emperor in 1811. He opened several dorilfunun and gymnasiums.
The French king Napoleon took control of the Russian provinces. He came to Moscow and conquered it. The winter and cold weather did not favor them, Napoleon's army was destroyed. After that, Alexander led an army, took back the provinces from the French, and fought with the Ottoman Turks and took several provinces. He conquered the regions of Georgia from the Shah of Iran. Alexander ruled for twenty-five years, and since he had no children, his brother Nikolai son Pavel became the emperor in 1825. He fought two wars with Turkey and took Sevastopol. During his time, many conspiracies broke out in Russia. Nicholas died after reigning for thirty years, and his son Alexander II became the emperor. He was extremely intelligent and diligent. In the year 1855 AD, Christians were slaves of the boyars; he said why human children are subject to certain people like pigs and donkeys. Everyone is a servant of God Almighty. I don't want my child to be a slave to someone. For the raiyat's request, the independent judges, i.e. independent judges, were organized for the citizens. The term of military service was 25 years, he reduced them to 6 years.
In his time Tur Kistan and the Caucasus regions were completely subordinated to the Russian state and waged war with Turkey, while Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro were subordinated to Turkey, each of which became an independent state. After reigning for twenty-six years, in 1881, his enemies killed him by throwing a bomb on his path. In his place, his son, Alexander Alexandrovich, became the emperor, ruled for thirteen years and died. In his place, his son Nikolay Aleksandrovich became the emperor in 1894, and now in 1913 and the date is one thousand three hundred and thirty-one Hijri, he is ruling all Russian regions.
The reign of the Romanov family lasted for three hundred years, and on February 21, that is, on February 27, 1913, a grand wedding was held in the Petersburg region. Editor Uroq took part in this wedding³.