Mnemonics and mental systems
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THE MAGIC SQUARE
I am obliged to say in the first place that the Magic Square has nothing to do with the Magician who doesn't like Rock and Roll! It is in fact a very, very old form of brain-teaser that is worth knowing. Of the various sizes of Magic Squares that can be used, we shall concern ourselves with the five by five square. The problem is to draw out a square containing twenty-five divisions and to insert in each division a number. When totalled across and down, the sum of five divisions in a row must all be the same. To make it more complicated the answer or total of the rows of five can be determined by a member of the audience. Draw out a square and divide it so that you have twenty-five equal squares, five across and five down. Have a member of the audience choose a number (it must be above sixty and under five hundred) and write it down outside the square. You must now fill in a series of numbers to add up finally to their choice. This has to be done quickly for effect, and can be done quickly if you know how. Suppose the audience select the number 65. You must find the starting figure—the lowest number that goes in first. This is easy, deduct sixty from their figure and divide by five. Hence:— 65 chosen number for total, we deduct 60 leaving 5, and divide by 5 to get 1. We must therefore start with the number 1. Begin with the first figure inserting it in the middle square of the top line, and then proceed to fill in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 etc., etc., travelling diagonally upwards to the right. Imagine that it is possible to arrange the square in cylindrical form in both directions. Where the square upwards and diagonally to the right is occupied, and the square below is free, take that for the next number. This takes very little practice as you will see and you will soon reach a high speed. Example squares are given in the illustration which if studied closely, will show how to fill in properly. However, we must allow for certain numbers given by the audience that will not fill in as straight forward as the above example. When the number given has had sixty deducted and cannot equally be divided by five, the remainder must be added en route to certain "key squares". These are marked in the diagram with a star and their position should be thoroughly memorised in case you have to use them. 65 If you use the Key Squares, say you were given 248—you first subtract 60 which gives you 188, divide this by 5 giving you 37 which means you are left with a remainder of 3. You start at 37 and go on to 38, 39 and 40, continuing until you reach a Key Square where you add the remainder each time. Continue as normal otherwise. (A) (B) (A: Totals 65 All Directions) ( B : Position of Key Squares) (C) (D) ( C : Totals 248 Uses " K e y s " ) ( D : Totals 485 All ways) NOTE: Examples of the five by five Magic Square given here are as shown by Fred Barlow in his excellent book called "Mental Prodigies". This pub- lication is strongly recommended to those seeking accurate detail of History and Technique of the Science of Mnemonics. I am indebted to Mr. Barlow for adding considerably to my knowledge of the subject. 66 |
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