Modified Design of a Precision Planter For a Robotic Assistant Farmer


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AMINZADEH-THESIS

2-2- Test setup: 
Soil bin at the College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan (Figure 2-3), is used 
to measure forces acting on different soil engagement tools. The bin is 1.8 m wide and 12 m long 
with an effective length of 9 m. The middle (about 5.7 m) of the soil bin is designated for force 
measurements using data logger. Soil engagement tools must be attached to a carriage that can 
move along the soil bin. Forces acting on the tool are measured using load cells in horizontal, 
vertical and lateral directions. The soil used in the bin is Saskatchewan soil, which is silty clay 
loam, 47% sand, 24% silt, and 29% clay and has about 0.3 m depth. 
Figure 2- 3- Soil bin, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan 


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Carriage is a cubic structure which is used to prepare soil, as well as running attached 
tool for measuring forces. It moves along the soil bin on two rails on the sides of soil bin, on 
four steel wheels. An 11.2 kW electric motor with an electromagnetic clutch provides the power 
via a drive chain to move the carriage. 
Figure 2- 4- Sheep foot and smooth roller to pack the soil 
To prepare the soil, soil preparation tools must be attached to the carriage. After spraying 
water on the soil to increase the water content of the soil to a desired level, roto-tiller loosens the 
soil. Then to pack the soil, sheep foot and smooth roller are used (Figure 2-4). A connection 
mechanism is installed on the carriage to connect the tillage tool and it can be moved in the 
lateral direction; so it gives the ability to use the whole width of the soil bin. A control panel is 
used to control the speed, to start, stop and control the direction of the motion of the carriage. Six 
load cells are used to measure the forces applied to tillage tool in the vertical, horizontal and 
lateral directions. Three load cells to measure vertical force (2 in front and 1 in the back), 2 load 
cells to measure horizontal force (draft force) and 1 load cell for measuring lateral force (side 


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force). The position and orientation of load cells are shown in Figure 2-5. In this picture one of 
the load cells for vertical force, which is located at the back, is not shown. The equipment were 
calibrated by another member of our team (Ahad Armin) for his experiments. The draft force 
reported here, is the summation of the two forces measured by the horizontal load cells. These 
two load cells can also provide moment in the horizontal plane, if needed. 
An adjustable link is used to attach the disc to the carriage. Utilizing this link we can set 
the disc angle of the coulter disc (Figure 2-6). To set the tilt angle, wedges with different angles 
are used in between the bolting plate. In Figure 2-7 it is shown how a 25º angle wedge is used in 
test setup to create the tilt angle.
Figure 2- 5- Load Cells, position and orientation: 1) Side force, 2) Draft forces, 3) 
Vertical force 


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Figure 2- 6- Disc coulter and adjustable connection link to set disc angle 
Figure 2- 7- Using wedges to set tilt angle 

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