Difference between effective tax rate and 34.43% country tax rate in France
Year ended December 31
(in percentage)
Notes
2018
2019
Country tax rate in France
34.4%
34.4%
Differences between French and foreign tax rates
(a)
(14.2)%
(11.9)%
Tax on dividends and royalties
2.5%
2.0%
Permanent differences
2.2%
2.9%
Tax loss carryforwards
(b)
9.3
0.4%
0.6%
Tax rate adjustments and unallocated taxes
(c)
(0.1)%
3.2%
Impact of capital gains and losses on disposal and asset impairment
(d)
3.2, 7.1
6.3%
(2.6)%
Other differences
(1.5)%
(1.1)%
Effective tax rate
29.9%
27.7%
(a) Various countries, none of which generates a significant difference with the French income tax rate.
(b) In 2019 and 2018, this comprised the impacts of the deferred tax asset impairment in certain Latin American countries.
(c) In 2018, this corresponded mainly to the favorable effects of the change in the rate in the Netherlands on the measurement of the long-term deferred tax
balances.
(d) In 2019, this corresponded mainly to the disposal of Earthbound Farm. In 2018, this corresponded mainly to the impairment of the Centrale Danone
assets.
Note 9.2. Deferred taxes
Accounting principles
Deferred taxes are recognized for all temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts
for financial reporting purposes, except for the cases specified in IAS 12 Income taxes. Deferred taxes are calculated using the liability
method, applying the last enacted income tax rates expected to be applicable when the temporary differences will be reversed.
In addition, temporary differences are reflected in the consolidated financial statements as deferred tax assets or liabilities
systematically in the case of associates and on the basis of the most likely scenario as regards the reversal of the differences, i.e.
distribution of reserves or disposal of the entity concerned, in the case of fully consolidated subsidiaries.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the tax entity has a legal right to offset.
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