Democracy and Education- In the 20th century, democracy and education became more widespread across the world (1097). Citizen participation in government has increased, and now a democratic government can be found on every continent. Men and women can both vote in nearly every country around the world. Also there have been women elected as heads of states, such as Margaret Thatcher and Golda Meir (1097). The 20th century also witnessed dramatic changes in education (1097). At the beginning of the century, widespread formal education was common only in the West and often limited to elementary levels (1097). Towards the end of the century, almost every country of the world provided free elementary education to their children. There has also been an increase in the number of students receiving a higher education (1097).
Modernism Modernism is a literary and artistic movement that developed in the early decades of the 20th century.
Modernist shared a belief that their world was extremely different from earlier eras. Modernist were said to have felt disconnected from artistic, social, and religious traditions of the past. Modernist experimented with a variety of original literary forms which reflected their new world. Modernism was a diverse movement across Europe, America, and parts of Africa and Asia.
Modernist defining features. The mind as a subject: Modernist explored the depths of the human mind. A stream of consciousness was a new technique in which the jumbled flow of a character's thoughts and feelings presented as it was occurring. This is an example of how the modernist novels focused on the thought processes of a few main characters. Writers such as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf.Innovative Styles and Forms: This is where modern poets left traditional stanza forms for the more natural flow of free verse.
Artist and Writers Writing was not the only form of modernism. There was modern artist as well. These artist threw away the old conventions or realism. Modern artist such as Pablo Picasso inspired writers to search for new forms of expression.
Majority of modernist work, the world is seen to be as a wasteland full of violence and anxiety. An example of this would be a short novel by Joseph Conrad. The main character Kurtz becomes corrupted and leaves society to spend the rest of his life in isolation.
Historical Highlights
The Industrial Revolution of the 19th century is was set in motion the changes in Europe (Applebee 1104).There was new inventions, such as street lights and telephones. All of Europe began to industrialize (1104).And the aristocrats maintained their money but began to lose their power. The middle class began gaining their power as well as wealth (1104).
Continued… World War I occurred and killed so many men that it frighten Europe. People began losing trust in the leaders and in society (1104).With the Russian Revolution came the birth of communism which threaten the foundation of capitalism (1104). In the 20’s even more inventions were made such as the radio. And women gained more rights as they protested in streets for their rights (1104).But with the unfinished First World War, the 1930’s brought the rise of dictators; Stalin, Hitler, and Mussolini (1104).
Breakdown of Traditional Beliefs The First World War had started to deteriorate the traditional beliefs of the 19th century such as “reason, order and obedience” (1104).It was also intellectual men such as Charles Darwin (On the Origin of Species), Sigmund Freud with his theories of irrational desires in all men, and Albert Einstein and his theory of relativity who “ upset the idea of a well- ordered universe” (1104).For some this disintegration of tradition was a waste. The others supported it and found freedom in the breakdown of traditional beliefs (1104).
Alienation of the Artist The Modernists looked for complete breakage from old traditions and wanted to make up their own (1105).But along with this they also faced “alienation” from society. The manner they expressed at times would convey hostility. So people would have disdain for the modernist, and ridicule that they could not comprehend (1105). So the writers and artist would get together to star movements. With these movements cam “published manifestos or public statements of their views (1105)
Search for the New… Poet Ezra Pound came up with the saying “ Make it New!”. Which can be the unanimous proclamation of all the modernists (1105). But “new” meant shocking and it would not be knew unless it not what the people expected (1105). Artist like Picasso with his dislocated pieces in his art, musicians like Stravinsky’s clash of sounds, and writers like Virginia Woolfe (1105).
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