Nazarova Munisa’s answers of practical lesson Questions

Nazarova Munisa’s answers of practical lesson 1.

Questions

1. 
   What is teaching? Why do we need methods in teaching?
   
2. 
   What is primary education (secondary, high and higher education)?
   
3. 
   What is the difference between public and private school? Can you compare public and private schools in your country?
   

1. 
   Teaching is a process in which one individual teaches or instruct another individual. Teaching is considered as the act of imparting instructions to the learners in the classroom situation. It is watching systematically. Dewey:- considers it as a manipulation of the situation, where the learner will acquire skills and insight with his own initiation.
   

H C Morrison:- Teaching is an intimate contact between the more mature personality and a less mature one.

Teaching is a social and cultural process, which is planned in order to enable an individual to learn something in his life. We can describe the nature and characteristics of teaching in following way:-

(1) Teaching is a complete social process

Teaching is undertaken for the society and by the society. With everchanging social ideas, it is not possible to describe exact and permanent nature of teaching.

(2) Teaching is giving information

Teaching tells students about the things they have to know and students cannot find out themselves. Communication of knowledge is an essential part of teaching.

Teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Students get easily bored if their teacher cannot combine teaching methods in order to make each lesson unique and intriguing. Any information can be passed over to pupils in numerous ways. Some of them are easy to understand and remember and others are difficult. The combination of different methods of teaching is something each professional teacher should not only know but also implement in their classroom.

Teaching methods are the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction.

Your choice of teaching method depends on what fits you — your educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject area(s) and school mission statement.

Teaching theories can be organized into four categories based on two major parameters: a teacher-centered approach versus a student-centered approach, and high-tech material use versus low-tech material use.

As the primary teaching strategy under the teacher-centered approach, direct instruction utilizes passive learning, or the idea that students can learn what they need to through listening and watching very precise instruction. Differentiated instruction is the teaching practice of tailoring instruction to meet individual student needs. Game-based learning comes from the desire to engage students in more active learning in the classroom External link . Because they require students to be problem solvers and use soft skills that they will need as adults, games are a great way to encourage a “mastery” mindset, rather than a focus on grades.

In a game-based learning environment, students work on quests to accomplish a specific goal (learning objective) by choosing actions and experimenting along the way. As students make certain progress or achievements, they can earn badges and experience points, just like they would in their favorite video games.

Because compulsory education is freely provided to all children of Uzbekistan, private schools have a difficult time justifying their existence.

2. 
   Primary Education
   

In Uzbekistan 11 years of education are compulsory and free, beginning with 4 years at primary school, and followed by 2 phases of secondary education taking 5 and 2 years respectively. Primary school begins at age 6 and there is no specific leaving examination after the 4 years are complete.

Secondary Education

The next 5 years are spent at general secondary school from ages 10 to 15. Following that, there is a choice of between 2 to 3 years of upper education at either general or technical vocational schools. The former provides a certificate of completed secondary education and the opportunity to enter university, the latter a diploma of specialized secondary education, through a network of secondary vocational institutions.

Vocational Education

Unemployment remains relatively high, and there are many people desperately in need of new or more appropriate skills. There are a number of state and donor programs in place to address the structural training shortfall. Eventually, the goal is to meet European union standards.

Tertiary Education

Non university-level tertiary education is provided by national enterprise training centers and a number of business schools, as well as lycea that train professionals in new economic and service fields. Higher education is available from several universities and over 50 higher education institutes.

3. According to official sources, about 60 percent of Uzbekistan's population is covered under the system of education. The earlier educational system required 11 years of compulsory schooling for both men and women. In 1992 the policy decision was made to change from 11 to 9 years of compulsory education. After nine years of compulsory schooling, students can prepare for higher education in tenth or eleventh grade or turn to vocational training. After graduating from any type of secondary education, an individual can enter a higher education institution to obtain a bachelor's degree and continue study toward a master's or doctoral degree. Because compulsory education is freely provided to all children of Uzbekistan, private schools have a difficult time justifying their existence.

The main difference between a private and public school is how they are funded. State schools in addition to being funded by tuition payments are partially government funded and typically offer reduced tuition to in-state students. Private schools are not government funded and rely on other means of funding, such as endowments and donations. This means that tuition can be higher for a private school than a public one. On the other hand, private schools often have more financial aid access and may be able to award more scholarships, which could offset some of the tuition difference between private and public schools.

In the end, deciding on your perfect school will likely not come down to whether it is public or private. Some will be tempted to shut out all possibility of private school because they feel it will be too expensive.

In most areas, your children will attend public school with other kids from the same area. However, a number of provinces are moving toward a policy where you can request a change if you desire.

When parents choose a private school, they often do so based on their desire to give their children a specific peer group, whether that is based on discipline, cultural or religious background, or philosophical beliefs. This is perhaps understandable, in that establishing the right peer groups early on can have profound effects later in life.

In most private schools, students are excluded or expelled if they do not adhere to the school's policies or standards.

Class size in public vs. private schools

Overcrowding of public school classrooms is one of the most common complaints about the public education system, a significant problem that inspires parents to seek private school alternatives.Because they do not use public funds (or in some areas, less funds), private schools are not as restricted in their program development or curricula. Private schools are not subject to budget limitations imposed by the state (although they may in fact have more restrictive limitations).

This freedom allows private schools to develop their own curricula. As long as parents agree with the intellectual, philosophical or religious basis brought to the curricula, this independence from 'government interference' is seen as a great advantage of private schools over public.

On the other hand, public schools use curricula designed to include all students, thus invoking in them a tolerance for others. Learning in both public and private schools is measured through standardized testing.