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1. This is the letter
written
by you yesterday. (письмо,
написанное — a prior action)
2. Put down some words
written with a final
y
in English. (которые
пишутся — simultaneuosness)
Note: Participle II of objective verbs is always passive in meaning:
the
broken cup, the closed door, a complicated sentence, etc.
Functions of the Participle II
Participle II has the
following syntactical functions:
1. A predicative (a
part
of
a compound verbal predicate) used after the
verbs: to go (out), to come, to lie, to sit, to stand, to grow, to feel, etc.
E.g.
1. He stood
surprised in front of his house.
2. He
was lying back relaxed in his chair.
3. While we were speaking, she grew more and more
excited.
Examples of this kind are of rare occurrence, and the participle may be
adjectivized here.
2. An attribute
In this function Participle I can modify any noun.
It can procede the
noun it modifies and follow it.
E.g.
1. I made my way towards the
parked car.
2. She had an
affected way of talking.
3. This is a church
built two hundred years ago.
3. An adverbial modifier
It is preceded by a conjunction which lends its adverbial meaning such
as
time,
cause, concession,
condition and
comparison (when, till, until,
once, as, unless, though, as if, as though, even if, even when). It can be
used after any verb.
E.g.
1. He didn’t usually utter a word unless
spoken to. (of condition)
2.
Occupied by his thoughts he didn’t hear my question. (of cause)
