O zbek iston respublikasi oliy va 0 ‘rta maxs*js ta’lim vazirligi
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14-PSIXOLOGIY-E-.G-Goziyev-2011-Darslik
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ongli zotdir.
B i z n i n g c h a , b u d a r a ja g a b a r c h a fu q a ro la r erish ish i m k o - n iy a tig a ega em a s , c h u n k i b u n in g o ‘ziga xos h a m obyektiv, h a m s u b y e k t i v o m i l l a r i , s h a r t - s h a r o i t l a r i m a v j u d . S h u s a b a b d a n s h u n c h a k i in tilish , m ayl, lay o q at bilan y uksak k a m o l o t c h o ‘qqisiga e r is h i b b o l m a y d i , m a z k u r ijtim oiy h o l a t n i c h u q u r r o q t a d q i q qilish fa raz la rim iz ni y o ta sd iq - lay d i, yoki in k o r qiladi. X X I a s r o d a m l a r i i n s o n p a r v a r l i k g ' o y a l a r i n i a k s e t t i r u v c h i kish ila rn in g tim s o l i sifatida h a y o t va faoliyatda o * z - o ‘z in i n a z o ra t q ilish , o ‘z - o ‘zini b a h o la s h , o kz - o ‘ziga b u y r u q b erish , o lz - o ‘z in i ifodalay olish, o ‘z - o ‘zini k a m o l t o p t i r i s h , o ‘z - o ‘z i n i k a s h f q ilis h i m k o n i y a t l a r i g a e g a b o M m o q la ri lo z im , b u , o ‘z n a v b a tid a , m u a y y a n tarixiy d a v r n i t a q o z o etadi. M u sta q illik va u n i n g n e 'm a tl a r i re s p u b lik a m iz fuqa - r o la r id a t u b o ‘zgarishlarni vujudga keltirishga m u h i m z a m in h o z i r la s h d a d a v o m e tadi. Milliy tu y g ‘u, milliy qiyofa, milliy x a r a k te r , m illiy t a ’b, m illiy kuy va raqs, m illiy m a 'n a v iy a t , q a d r iy a t t a ’siri o s tid a o 'z i n i n g tu b m o h iy a tin i aks ettira b o s h l a y d i . L ekin b u i m k o n i y a td a n t o ‘la fo y d a la n ish u c h u n b a r c h a xalq yetarli d a r a j a d a tayyor e m a s , c h u n k i h a r bir s h a x s ru h iy a tid a e h tiyoj b il a n im k oniya t o ‘rtasid a m u a y y a n q a r a m a - q a r s h i l i k l a r h u k m suradi. O lza ro m u n o s a b a t d a h a r b i r i n s o n b ird a n ig a o ‘zig a teng lik alo n ia tin i q o ‘ya o lm a y d i, c h u n k i s h a x s l a r o r a s i d a t a f o v u t l a r m a v j u d b o 'l g a n l i g i tu fa y li „ s u n ' i y ' l i k k a y o l q o ‘yish o d a tiy tu s oigan. 0 ‘t m i s h n i n g b o y m e r o s i , u n i n g i j t i m o i y - t a r i x i y a n ’a n a l a r i , r a s m - r u s u m l a r i , m a r o s i m l a r i m i l l i y is tiq lo l tufayli o ' z egalariga q a y ta r ilis h ig a q a r a m a y , x a lq u n i n g h u k m d o r i g a a y la n is h ig a r u h i y j i h a t d a n t a y y o r e m a s d i r . L e k in v aq t o ‘tg an s ayin f u q a r o l a r n i n g ijtim o iy o n g i a s t a - s e k in o 'z g a r i b borish i n a tija s id a ulardagi e t n o p s i x o l o g i k x u s u siy a tla r tik la n a b o s h la y d i, milliylik, u m u m b a s h a r i y l i k xislatlari o ‘rta s id a a d o l a t l i l i k , t e n g h u q u q l i l i k a l o q a l a r i o ‘r n a t i l a b o r a d i. B a y n a l m i l a l l i k m illiy lik , m i l l i y b ir l i k x u s u s i y a t la r i b i l a n u y g ' u n l a s h i s h d a d a v o m e t s a , b o r a - b o r a m illiy b irlik x u s u s i y a t la r i m i l l a t l a r a r o n i u n o s a b a t o ‘z a r o t u s h u n i s h , o ‘z a ro y a q i n l i k , o ' z a r o m o s l i k n c g i z i g a q u r i l a d i. X X I a s r d a s h a x s n i s h a k l l a n t i r i s h d a , a x l o q - o d o b q o id a la r in i ijtim oiy t u r m u s h d a q a r o r t o p t ir i s h d a d i n , s h u j u m la d a n , isloni dini h a m o ‘zin in g ijobiy t a ’sirini o 't k a z i s h d a d a v o m etadi. D iniy b ilim la r n in g m o h iy atig a t u s h u n u v c h i l a r safi kengayadi, ularga rioya qiluvchilar, ito a tg o ‘y !a r k o 'l a m i o r t a d i , u n in g atrib u tlari (h a r a k a tla r i ) n i q a b u l q i l u v c h i l a r m i q d o r i k o ‘payadi. Q u r ' o n i K a r i m , H a d is la r t a ’siri sh a x s n i shakllantirishda m u h im vositaga va h arakatlantiruvchi k u ch g a a y l a n a d i , i m o n f a o ll ik t u s h u n c h a s i d a n h a r a k a t , x u l q reg u la to ri vazifasini b a ja rish g a o 's i b 0 ‘ta d i, i n s o n l a r o ' r t a - s id a pok lik , ro s tg o ‘ylik, s a m im iy lik , h a m d a r d l i k , o ‘z a r o y o r d a m tuyg'ulari h a m d a nisbiy tcnglikni kcltirib c h iq a r ish g a x i z m a t q iladi. S h a x s l a r a r o m u n o s a b a t d a t e n g l i k , j i n s i y t a f o v u t n i odil b a h o l a s h , h a q c h i l l i k k ab i u m u m i n s o n i y x u su siy atlarn i ta rk ib t o p t i r i s h d a d in iy a d a b i y o t l a r n i n g roli y a n a d a o rtad i, t o b o r a o m m a v iy la s h a v e r a d i. L e k i n d i n b ila n fa n n i bir-b irig a q a r a m a - q a r s h i q o ‘yish v a z iy a tig a b a r h a m b e rish ijtim oiy-tarixiy ta r a q q i y o tn i n g k afolati h i s o b l a n a d i , b u n g a a j d o d l a r i m i z ( I b n S i n o , A l - F o r o b i y , B e r u n i y , U l u g ‘b e k va b o s h q a l a r ) n i n g tajribasi y o r q i n m is o ld ir. Y e r k u rrasid a ijtim o iy m u v o flq la s h u v n in g m a v ju d lig i, y o s h l a r o ' r t a s i d a g ‘a r b s i v ili z a ts i y a s ig a ( k i y i n i s h , r a q s t u s h i s h , q o 's h i q a y t is h , h i s s iy o t g a b e r i l i s h g a ) n i s b a t a n m u v a q q a t q iziqish, in tilish , e h ti y o j n in g m a v j u d b o ‘lishi m illiylikni 25 — 30 yilga k e c h ik tiris h xavflni t u g ‘d i r a d i . M i l li y l i k n in g k u c h a y is h i y e tu k lik d avriga t o ‘g*ri keladi, lek in s h u vaqt o ra lig 'id a k o ‘p n arsalar boy berilgan bo'lad ik i, s h u n d a m a z k u r uzilishni tiklash u c h u n avlodlar o 'r ta s id a u m u m i y birlik, milliy ste re o tip yaratilishi z a ru r b o l a d i . X X I a s r b o s h i d a h a m re s p u b li k a m i z f u q a r o l a r i n i n g o n g i d a g i , fikrlash v o s i t a s i d a g i , t u r m u s h ta r z i d a g i ta f o - v u t l a r m a v j u d lig i o ‘l a r o q , u l a r o ‘rt a s i d a t a b a q a l a n i s h s a q l a n i b qoladi. Ekologik m a d a n iy a t, biosfera va neosferaga x a v f k e ltiru v c h i i l m i y - t a d q iq o t l a r in so n a q l-z a k o v a ti bilan b o s h q a r i l a d i , ajal q u r o l l a r i o ‘m i n i x a y r ix o h li k , o ‘z a r o y o r d a m , u m u m b a s h a r i y x u s u s i y a t l a r eg a lla y d i, j a m i y a t v a t a b i a t n i asrash o d a m l a r n i n g e 'ti q o d i g a a y la n a b o ra d i. M a m l a k a t l a r a r o fazoviy a lo q a l a r kengayishi n atijasid a fan v a t e x n i k a m a h s u l l a r i g a m u a y y a n a n i q l i k l a r k i ritila d i, u l a r n i n g riv o jlanishida integ ra tsiy a j a ra y o n i y u z a g a keladi, t a d q i q o t l a r g u r u h iy v a j a m o a v i y faoliyat negizida a m a lg a osh irilad i, bu esa m illatlarning o ‘za ro yaqinlashishiga m u h im i m k o n y a r a t a d i , m i ll a t l a r a r o m u n o s a b a t t e n g lik asosiga q u r i l s a , b i r m illat sa lo h iy a ti ikkinchisiga t a 's i r o ‘tk aza d i, m a ' n a v i y a t n a m u n a l a r i b il a n x a l q l a r n in g b o y is h i shaxs k a m o l o t i u c h u n m u h i m ncgiz hozirlaydi. M il la tl a r a r o ru h iy m u h i t n i n g yaratilishi fa n va tex - n i k a n i n g rivojiga ijobiy t a 's i r e ta d i, m utaxassislar ta y y o r- la s h sifatin i z a m o n talab i d arajasiga k o ‘taradi. M illa tla ra ro f i k r a l m a s h i s h , t a j r i b a l a r b il a n o ‘rt o q l a s h i s h X X I a s r o d a m l a r i n i n g m u k a m m a l l i k darajasi yuksalishiga b e m i n n a t x i z m a t qiladi. X X I a s r d a h a m o d a m l a r n i n g kam o lo ti negizi sifatida o i la , m a k t a b , ijtim oiy m u h i t , ishlab ch iq a rish o ‘z m av - q e y in i s a q la b q o la v e ra d i. S haxsni tarbiyalanishi quyidagi m a n b a l a r asosida: 1) m u a y y a n tizimli, uzluksiz tarbiyaviy, d a sturiy ta'sir; 2 ) i d e a l n a m u n a t i m s o i i d a o ‘z - o ‘z in i t a r b i y a l a s h , t a k o m i l l a s h ti r i s h ; 3) ijtim o iy m u h i td a g i sh ax slararo m u n o s a b a t d a tahlil q i l i s h , i b r a t o lish v o s i t a l a r i y o r d a m i b i l a n x u l q - o d o b , fik rla s h m a la k a la rin i egallash; 4 ) a j d o d l a r im i z y a r a t g a n b adiiy, falsafiy, s a n ’at asar- larini, y angi xislatlarni 0 ‘z la sh tiris h o r q a li a m a lg a o sh iris h i m u m k i n . T a ' l i m - t a r b i y a j a r a y o n i d a r e s p u b l i k a n i n g tarixi, m a d a - niyati, u z o q a jd o d la r im iz d a n y e t i s h i b c h i q q a n j a h o n g a s h t a kishilar, i l m - f a n arboblari, m u t a f a k k i r , m a 'r i f a t p a r v a r l a r t o ‘g ‘risida b ilim la r n i yoyish y o s h l a r d a g ' u r u r v a iftixor t u y - g 'u l a r in i v u ju d g a keltiradi. O kz b e k i s t o n n i n g fan va t e x n i - kasi, u n u m d o r t u p ro g 'i, saxiy, z a h m a t k a s h xalqi, fo y d a li q a z iim a la r i, j a h o n bozoridagi p a x ta s i, ipagi, qorakoMi sal- m o g 'i h a q i d a m a ’Iu m o tn in g b e rilish i — u l a r d a milliy o n g n i o ‘s t ir a d i , m i ll i y o ‘z - o ‘zini a n g l a s h n i t a k o m i l l a s h t i r a d i , ijtim oiy faollikni ja d a lla s h tira d i, u l a r n i ijodiy iz la n is h la r sari y etak la y d i. Y o s h l a r o 'r t a s i d a milliy o r a s t a l i k — s o c h o 'stiris h , t a - rash, o ‘rish, kiyinish m a d a n iy a ti h a m d a vorislik m a s ’u - liyati, m illiy t a ' b va didga m u v o f i q ra v ish d a ish y u ritish h a q i d a m a s la h a tl a r , k o 'r s a t m a la r b e r is h yuk sak n a tija la rg a e r is h is h n in g s a m a ra li y o l i d i r . O ta - b o b o l a r i m i z d a n x a lq im iz g a m e r o s q o lg a n saxiylik, m e h m o n d o kstlik, ro s tg o ^ I ik , t a n t i li k , sad o q a tlilik , p o k lik , o d o b lilik fazilatlari milliy x a r a k t e r n i n g e n g m u h i m j i h a t i hisoblanadi. U s h b u xislatlarni t a 'l i m - t a r b i y a j a r a y o n i d a yosh avlod o n g i d a shakllantirish, u l a r r u h i y a t i n i xalq m a ’n a v iy d u r d o n a la r i bilan boyitish, m illiy q a d r iy a t la r d a n o q i l o n a f o y d a la n ish g a e ’tib o rn i q a r a tish m a q s a d g a m uv o fiq d ir. A x lo q - o d o b li b o 'lish , o t a - o n a l a r v a k a tta la rg a h u r m a t , sa m im iy lik , in oqlik, vijdonlilik, iffatlilik, o ‘za ro y o r d a m kabi in so n iy x islatlar o lzbek xalqi m a ’n a v iy a tin in g ra m z i s an a la d i. M illiy m a 'n a v iy b o y lig im iz n i o 'q u v c h i l a r c h u q u r e g a ll a s h l a r i u c h u n u n i n g b e b a h o d u r d o n a l a r i n i k e n g k o 'l a m d a n a m o y i s h q ilis h im iz , b u l a r t o ' g ‘risida y o s h l a r ong ig a m u a y y a n bilim larni y e t k a z i s h i m i z zarur. O d a m l a r n i n g bir-biriga m e h r - o q i b a t i , o q i lo n a m u n o - sa b a ti, t o ‘g ‘ri m u l o q o ti, iltifo ti, e h t i r o m i x a l q i m i z n i n g i c h k i g o ‘z a l 1 i g i n i , b o y m a ' n a v i y v a r u h i y q i y o f a s i n i ifo d ala y d i. X a lq i m i z n in g i n s o n p a r v a r l i k j i h a t i m a ’n a v iy g o ‘zalligi, v a t a n , ja m iy a t m a n f a a ti y o l i d a j o n fido qiíishi, 6 Psixologiya 81 in so n o so y is h ta lig i, b a x t-s a o d a ti u c h u n q a y g 'u r i s h id a o ‘z ifodasini t o p a d i . P o k qalbii, sofdil, d i y o n a t l i x a lq im iz n in g oliyjanobligi, u n i n g t a n i s h g a h am , b e g o n a g a h a m b e g 'a ra z y o r d a m q o 'li n i c h o ‘z is h id a n a m o y o n b o ‘ladi. X a lq im iz n in g ajoyib f a z i l a tla r id a n biri — d o lstlikka s a d o q a tid ir. D o lstlik b o r jo y d a m e h r - m u h a b b a t , vafo, s a d o q a t, a d o l a t , haq iq at q a r o r to p a d i. Bu e sa , o kz navbatida, i n s o n n i n g m a 'n a v iy a ti v a r u h i y a t i g a , a q l - z a k o v a t i g a t e t i k iik b a x s h e t a d i , u n i yaxshilik, s a m i m iy l i k sari yetaklaydi. O lzb e k oilasidagi tarbiyaning m o h iyati, m a z m u n i , uning kundalik va is tiq b o l rejasi, bolalarga t a ’sir o 't k a z is h vosita- larini ta n l a s h , u l a r d a n foydalanish o ‘zig a xos xususiyatga ega, c h u n k i u n i n g a so sid a xalq a n ’a n a la r i y o tadi. O ' z b e k x a l q i n i n g e t n o p s i x o l o g i k x u s u s i y a t l a r i d a n u n u m l i f o y d a l a n i s h — X X I a s r d a y a s h a s h n a sib e tg a n o d a m la r n i b a r k a m o l shaxs sifatida tarkib t o p tir is h d a m u h im o ‘rin egallaydi. S h u b o is x alq im iz n in g m illiy ruhiyatidagi b u n d a y u r f - o d a t l a r , a n ’a n a la r, u d u m l a r kelajak avlodga m e r o s t a r i q a s i d a q o ld irilish i m u q a d d a s b u r c h d ir . Y u q o r id a s a n a b o ‘tilgan ajoyib m illiy fa zilatlarim izning b arc h a s i kelaja k a j d o d l a r im i z n i n g u lu g ‘v o r czgu niyatidir, u alb atta r o ‘y o b g a c h iq a d i. 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