Образования Республики Узбекистан

Karakalpakstan is autonomous republic included in Uzbekistan. This republic with territory mostly occupied by Ustyurt Plato, Kyzylkum Desert and the Aral Sea, has a rich history and culture, interesting monuments.
Current territory of Karakalpakstan is situated on the territory of Khorezm, the most ancient state in Central Asia.
Ancient settlements lived on Karaklpakstan’s territory during the stone age. Ancient state of Khorezm existed in the lower of Amu-Darya in VII-VIth centuries B.C. Unique historical and archeological complex of Mizdakhan located on three hills is just 3 kilometers away from City of Khodjeyli, former capital of Karakalpakstan. Scientists discovered the Gyaur-Kala ancient city on the most ancient of these hills, which was founded in IV century AD and destroyed in XIII century by Tatar Mongols.
Chilpyk dakhma - the most ancient and well preserved to our days Zoroastrism’s cult facility is situated not far from the Mizdakhan Complex. According to recent researches, the Zoroaster’s doctrine was born in the Ancient Khorezm and its prophet Zaratushtra had written the most ancient lines of Holy Book of Avesta.
Toprak-Kala ancient city included in the list of world’s cultural monuments by the UNESCO is of particular value among numerous historical monuments located in Ellik-Kala oasis of Khorezm, such as Kirk-Kyz, Ayaz-Kala I, II, III and Gulodursup ancient forts, Ichan-Kala Mausoleum. In II-IV centuries the Toprak-Kala was the residence of Khorezm Governors. In the second half of VIII century the Arabs conquered the country. In 1220 Khorezm was accessed to the Mongol Empire. Northern part of Khorezm became the possession of Djuchi, the Golden Orda Khan, and the southern part was included in the Chigatay Ulus.
Land of Khorezm gave the great scientists of the medieval such as Al-Beruni and Al-Khorezmi, Nadjmiddin Kubro to the world. In XIX-early XX centuries the famous poets Adjiniyaz and Berdakh lived and created here.
Until 1825 the Karakalpaks migrated in the Dashti-Kipchak Steppe. In 1825 they were exiled from their territories (Southern Kazakhstan) by Djungars. Major part of refugees were admitted by the Khiva’s Khan who allotted the land for them along the Aral Sea’s southern shore. After revolution in mid-20’s of the XX century the Karakalpak Republic was established on the territories mostly populated by Karakalpaks.
Nukus, the capital city of Karakalpakstan is modern, beautiful city, the center of the country’s cultural and economic life. The city was first mentioned in the second half of XIX centure, when it was kishlak consisting of several yurtas and fenced by tall duval (wall). Herman Vamberi, the Hungarian scientist who traveled these places in 1883 mentioned the Nukus Fort located on Amu-Darya’s bank in his descriptions. In 1932 Nukus acquired the status of the city, and in 1939 it became the Karakalpakstan’s capital city. Despite the fact that Kyzylkum’s sands surround the city, its streets and boulevards are crowdy by the trees’ leaves, and flowers decorate the squares.
Every visitor of Nukus makes sure to visit the Karakalpak State Museum of Arts named after I.Savitskiy, its founder and first Director. While a student of the Moscow Institute of Arts, Igor Savitskiy was evacuated to Central Asia during the wartime, where he fell for with ethnography and ancient culture, and remained in this land forever. He discovered the amazing world of Karakalpaks’ folk culture which, he thought, contained secret magical knowledge of this people. Soon Mr. Savitskiy started preserving the works of Russian avant-garde artists repressed and sent away to Uzbekistan during the Stalinism era. Most paintings were found by him in basements and garrets where the owners used to hide them frightened by repressions for relations with the “formalists from the arts”. Enthusiasm and disinterestedness of Mr. Savitskiy, collectioner, allowed him to create the basis of the exposition of Nukus Museum which was opened in 1966.
Works of ancient and medieval arts of people that resided in this land as well as the items that tell about the Khorezmians’ trade and cultural ties with the Orient and West are exhibited at the Museum. Zoroastrian terracotta statuettes of Anakhita, fertility goddess, ossuaria - dishes for burial of the remains of dead ancestors of fire worshippers with images of lions, women’s and men’s heads, in form of mausoleums are the most ancient expositions of the Museum. The bronze pin in form of a hand holding the apple, silver ring with sard stamp with inscribed dolphin, and terracotta fugure of a woman with grape vine а refer to late antic of 1-IV centuries. Bronzr lamps and ceramic collection consisting of khums for storing the grain, pitches and other items decorated with relief ornaments are dated back to XII-XIII centuries.
Collection of Russian avant-garde paintings of 20-40’s of XX century which is the second most valuable collection in the world after the one of the Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg brought the world fame to the Nukus Museum. "Most authors whose works are exhibited in our halls were well known in Europe - tells Mrs. Marinika Babanazarova, Director of the Museum - Robert Falk, Climent Redko, Lyubov Popova, sculpture artists Vera Mukhina and Sara Lebedeva were educated in Paris and Munich Studios, and their names are included in the Paris exhibition catalogues of early XX Century.”
True masterpieces by painter A. Volkov and greatest stylist Usto Mumin (A. Nikolaev), famous impressionist artists who lived in Uzbekistan - P. Benkov and Z. Kovalevskaya, early works by U. tansikbaev and N. Karakhan, that are close by style and spirit to avant-garde; perfecr paintings by V. Rozhdestvenskiy, E. Korovay, M. Kurzin, N. Shevchenko are presented in the Museum’s exposition. Works by Russian artists of early XX century such as P.Kuznetsov, A.Kuprin, N.Ulyanov decorate the paintings collection.
The Museum also introduces the works of contemporary artists of Karakalpakstan - J. Izentaev, B.Serikeev, R.Matevosyan, J.Kuttimuradov to the visitors.
“Friend of Nukus Museum” Club whose members include the diplomats and representatives of international organizations working in Uzbekistan have played important role in popularization of the Museum’s collection. World community was able to see some masterpieces from the Museum’s collection at exhibitions held over the last years in Switzerland, Germany, France and Italy. Leading art researchers and experts of the world called it the “museum in desert” phenomenon/ However one can view the full collection of the Nukus museum which is included in many prestigious world reference books only in Karakalpakstan, because its collection consists of 84 thousand items.
Present Karakalpakstan is true connection of times. Beautiful and attractive, full of unexpected meetings and discoveries, it is ready to share its legends and secrets.
Nowadays Nukus is modern cultural and industrial city with well developed network of theatres, cinemas, cultural and recreational centers - stadiums, sports centers, network of modern transportation points - airport, railway and bus stations.
Best Material on Local History : Hojeyli School № 71, Karakalpakstan The students created a website entitled “History of Native Land”, where they posted information about historic monuments located in their city, the history of their foundation, as well as information about research of these monuments conducted by the students under their teachers’ leadership. Best Pages of Use to the Community: Termez School № 9. The students created a website of Termez kindergarten № 13. On the site, its creators posted information about the kindergarten, its staff, as well as photos of the kids, educators, and useful information such as plans of activities of other kindergarten teachers and their recommendations for parents.
Best Local Project Page: Shahrisabz School № 93, Kashkadarya region. The students created a website about music art school in Shahrisabz. On this site, its creators posted information about the history of this school, the school’s activities, national musical instruments, the school teachers, as well as photos of students and teachers.
Best site in English: Mingbulak Boarding School № 14, Namangan region. This school was chosen as winner for the English version of the website about collaboration with Fort Lapton High School, Colorado, the USA. The site presents thorough information about their partnership, student’s exchange, in which students of schools in Mingbulak and Colorado took part, and their impression of trip. All the information on the site is accompanied by the interesting photos of American and Uzbek students.
Most Functional Website: Ferghana Gymnasium of the World Languages. The students created this school website. The site contains news section which is constantly updated, interesting and useful information about gymnasium, its teachers, students, graduates and even about parents committee, contests and projects, in which the gymnasium took part, clubs and a photo gallery with interesting photos presenting gymnasium’s activity.
All contest winning EICs receive books on IT for their libraries.
И. КАРИМОВ. БЕЗ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ НЕТ БУДУЩЕГО.
После достижения независимости возрастает интерес нашего народа к познанию своей Родины, ее языка, культуры, ценностей, истории. Это — естественное явление. Каждому человеку присуще желание знать свою родословную, кто были его предки, историю кишлака, города, где он родился и вырос, одним словом, историю Родины.
Сегодня весь мир признает, что край, называемый Узбекистаном, то есть наша Родина, является одной из колыбелей не только восточной, но и мировой цивилизации. Эта древняя и священная земля взрастила великих ученых, мыслителей, политиков, полководцев. На этой земле закладывались и развивались основы религиозных и светских наук. Построенные еще до нашей эры и позже сложные гидросооружения, памятники старины, не потерявшие своей красоты и величественности, свидетельствуют о том, что здесь с древнейших времен были высоко развиты земледелие, ремесла, культура, зодчество и искусство градостроительства. Уцелевшие в безжалостных испытаниях времени надписи и рисунки на камнях и сегодня хранящиеся в библиотеках более 20 тысяч рукописей, в которых запечатлены десятки тысяч научных трудов по истории, литературе, искусству, этике, философии, медицине, математике, физике, химии, астрономии, архитектуре, земледелию, — это поистине бесценное духовное богатство и гордость наша. Мало найдется в мире народов, обладающих таким большим наследием. И потому-то я смело могу сказать, что немногие страны мира могут сравниться с нами в этом отношении.
Настала пора серьезного изучения этих уникальных рукописей, отразивших жизненный опыт, что накапливался веками нашими предками, их религиозные, нравственные, научные взгляды. Ибо, как вам известно, в советский период стремление к познанию исторической правды не поощрялось. Источники, не служившие интересам господствующей идеологии, укрывались как можно дальше от глаз народа. Дело дошло до того, что мы лишились права самим писать свою историю. Мы учились по учебникам истории, которые писали другие. В так называемом учебнике “История СССР” такой стране, как Узбекистан, было отведено всего-навсего 3—4 страницы, давалась необъективная оценка историческим событиям и лицам или вообще умалчивались некоторые факты. Сегодня о той научной фальсификации, очковтирательстве хорошо известно и рядовым гражданам в отдаленных кишлаках, и школьникам. Я думаю, что именно в этом заключаются причины жажды к познанию исторической правды, к самосознанию, которая так ярко проявляется теперь благодаря независимости.
Наши ученые создают труды о различных периодах истории, писатели пишут крупные прозаические, поэтические и драматургические произведения на историческую тему. Заслуживает внимания и тот факт, что средства массовой информации широко пропагандируют наши духовные ценности, в беседах, дискуссиях появляется разнообразие мнений. Меня особенно радует то, что наше молодое поколение, ощущая себя лично ответственным за дальнейшую судьбу нации, Родины, участвует в полемике с чувством причастности к этому.
Есть пословица — “Чумчук сойса хам кассоб сойсин”1. Я не историк. И совершенно далек от мысли поучать специалистов в этом отношении. Однако возникает естественный вопрос: в пору вступления нашей государственности в период резкого поворота нужно ли нам четко определить свое место во времени и пространстве, знать свое генеалогическое древо, знать, кто мы есть? Нужно или нет, чтобы активно работающие в нашей стране уважаемые академики, писатели, издатели, ученые, и прежде всего историки, вместе ответили на эти вопросы?..
На мой взгляд, когда речь заходит об историческом прошлом узбекского народа, о его самобытности и духовности, у нас не хватает анализа, опирающегося на глубокую научную основу, четкого подхода в определенных вопросах. Говоря научным языком, нет целостной концепции. Самосознание начинается со знания истории. Эту истину, не требующую доказательств, необходимо поднять на уровень государственной политики. Есть особая ответственность говорить с высокой трибуны о нации, стране. Не будем забывать о том, что когда выражается отношение к какому-либо событию или личности, это может быть лишь точкой зрения одного человека или людей определенной категории. Хуже всего, что субъективное мнение бывает заразительным. Одностороннее мнение, не основанное на глубоком анализе, на логике, сбивает с толку людей, и прежде всего преподавателей истории. Приняв услышанное за истину, они доводят ее до учащихся. Правильный путь нам могут указать только те выводы, которые родились в результате спора, дискуссии, анализа. Это во-первых.