Of the republic of uzbekistan tashkent state pedagogical university namedafter nizami

The object of the study is homonymous relations in the vocabulary of the modern English language, the subject is the structural features of homonymous units and their quantitative characteristics.
The aim of the study is to study and provide a linguistic description of the structure of English homonymy and its quantitative characteristics.
Achieving the stated goal involves solving such problems as:
clarification of the linguistic status of homonymy, its main features;
identification of ways of forming lexical, grammatical and lexical-grammatical homonyms;
definition of the main classes of English homonyms;
establishing and describing criteria for distinguishing between homonymy and polysemy, homonymy and conversion;
study and description of the structural characteristics of homonyms;
determination of the nature of the relationship between homonyms;
identification of quantitative characteristics of English homonymy.
The selection and analysis of homonymous units was carried out on the basis of using a set of research methods and techniques: continuous sampling, analysis of definitions, systematization and classification of homonymous units based on the developed criteria, oppositions. In addition, elements of structural, word-formation, semantic and quantitative analysis, methods of historical and etymological analysis were used. Generalization and interpretation of the results of observations were carried out on the basis of the method of scientific description. The analysis of the material was carried out in synchronous terms with the use of diachronic data.
The methodological basis of the study was the works of domestic and foreign linguists I.V. Arnold, L.A. Bulakhovsky, V.V. Vinogradova, Yu.P. Kostyuchenko, L.V. Malakhovskiy, O. Jespersen, F.I. Mauler, A.I. Smirnitsky, I.S., Tyshler and others.
The material of the study was 4780 homonyms selected by continuous sampling from the Oxford Dictionary of English by K. Sauns and A. Stevenson . Data from other dictionaries were also used for the study: Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles , Oxford Concise Dictionary of English Etymology by T. Hoad , Everyman's English Pronouncing Dictionary D Jones , "Concise Dictionary of English Etymology" by V. Skeat and others.
In this study, the analysis of homonymy is carried out at the lexical level, and as a unit of the lexical level, a word is singled out in its original dictionary form, that is, in the form that, as noted by A.I. Smirnitsky, "turns out to be essentially the most appropriate representative of the whole word as such" . The original dictionary form, according to R.A. Budagov, has the right to be considered as "a completely independent name of an object" .
The following provisions are put forward for defense:
Homonyms are words that are identical to each other in at least one of the components of the expression plan, i.e. coinciding in sound and / or spelling in all or some of their forms, and differing in at least one of the components of the content plan - lexical and / or grammatical meaning.
The most complete and comprehensive classification of English homonyms, reflecting all types of formal semantic relations between them, can only be created on the basis of a comprehensive consideration of the features of the content plan and the expression plan. A consistent comparison of these features makes it possible to identify in the vocabulary of the English language all possible formal
meaningful classes of homonyms, characterized by varying degrees of representativeness.
The sound form of English speech is characterized by the use of homonyms that coincide only in sound, for written speech - homonyms that are identical in spelling. Compared with the written form of speech, the sound variant of the English language is characterized by a large number of homonyms of all three meaningful subtypes.
Homonymic relations in the vocabulary of the English language are actualized as part of a homonymous group, which is the main structural unit of English homonyms and has one or more hyperlexemes and one or more homosegments, which, in turn, form homonymous pairs as part of a homogroup.
The nature of the relationship and the strength of the interaction between two homonyms in a pair are established on the basis of a consistent comparison of their forms. English homonymy is characterized by a low degree of interaction between homonyms in a pair, since the number of partial homonyms existing in the language significantly exceeds the number of full homonyms.
The prevalence of homonymy in the English language is largely correlated with the physical length of the word: short words are more likely to enter into homonymy relationships than words that have more syllables in their composition.