Of uzbekistan fergana state university

Trading domes are stretching in procession from Lyabi-Khauz to the Miri-
Arab madrasah. Long ago, in the XVI century under the Shaybanides dynasty, 
Bukhara became the capital giving rise to unprecedented growth of the city, and 
since it was located on the Great Silk Road, the markets and trading stores even 
more congested cross-roads of public roads.
Ark Citadel is a residence of Bukhara khans. According to the last 
excavations, it was determined the citadel was on this place from 4 century BC. 
For many years of building and destruction, 20 meters height artificial hill was 
formed; its upper layers were built over in the time of last Bukhara emirs.
Gijduvan ceramics school has its deep roots. The skills have been passed 
from father to son from generation to generation. Today Gizhduvan is home for the 
sixth generation of potters from Narzullayevs family which glorified Gijduvan 
school ceramics all over the world.
Jeyran Ecocenter was established in 1997 for the purpose of the breeding 
and protection of rare and endangered species of animals.The breeding center is 
located in the south-west of Kyzyl-Kum Desert, 42 km from Bukhara and has the 
status of protected natural area. Memorial Complex of Khoja Bakhautdin 
Naqshbandi is one of the most important Muslim shrines. Every self-respecting 
Muslim knows and reveres this name. The great theologian of the XIV century, 
founder of the Sufi Order "Naqshbandia" was buried 12 km from Bukhara in his 
native village of Kasri Orifon.
Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa Palace is the only remained sample of Bukhara emir 
country palaces. The palace was quartered on two territories. Old palace of Abdul-
Akhad-khan (1892) is a traditional three-house complex with one- and two-storey 
building in the spirit of bukharian dwelling houses.
Bukhara (Uzbek: Buxoro/Бухоро, pronounced [buχɒrɒ]; Tajik: Бухоро, 
pronounced [buxɔːˈɾɔː], Persian: اراخ ب) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan, 
with a population of 280,187 as of 1 January 2020,[1] and the capital of Bukhara 
Region. People have inhabited the region around Bukhaгa for at least five 
millennia, and the city has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the 

---

16 
city has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. The 
mother tongue of the majority of people of Bukhara is Tajik, a dialect of the 
Persian language,[3] although Uzbek is spoken as a second language by most 
residents. Bukhara served as the capital of the Samanid Empire, Khanate of 
Bukhara, and Emirate of Bukhara and was the birthplace of scholar Imam 
Bukhari.[4] The city has been known as "Noble Bukhara" (Bukhārā-ye sharīf). 
Bukhara has about 140 architectural monuments. UNESCO has listed the historic 
center of Bukhara (which contains numerous mosques and madrasas) as a World 
Heritage Site.
7
Names 
The exact name of the city of Bukhara in ancient times is unknown. The 
whole oasis was called Bukhara in ancient times, and probably only in the tenth 
century was it finally transferred to the city. According to some scholars, the name 
dates back to the Sanskrit "Vihara" (Buddhist monastery).This word is very close 
to the word in the language of the Uyghur and Chinese Buddhists, who named their 
places of worship the same way. Very few artifacts related to Buddhism have 
survived into the modern day in the city. But, numerous Arabic, Persian, European 
and Chinese travellers and historians noted the place and Uzbekistan itself to be 
once populated by mostly Buddhists and few Zoroastrians. Indeed, the first Islamic 
text on Bukhara relates to the first Arab invader of Bukhara, Ubaidullah bin Ziad, 
who noted Bukhara to be a Buddhist country with Buddhist monasteries ruled by a 
queen regent acting on behalf of her son. According to other sources (such as 
Encyclopædia Iranica), the name Bukhara is possibly derived from the Sogdian 
βuxārak ("Place of Good Fortune"), a name for Buddhist monasteries. 
In the Tang dynasty, and other successive dynasties of Imperial China, 
Bukhara was known under the name of Buhe/Puhe,[15] which has been replaced in 
Chinese by the modern generic phonetic spelling Bùhālā In the 19-20th centuries, 
Bukhara was known as Bokhara, in the English publications, as exemplified by the 
7
Orlando Innamorato translated by Charles Stanley Ross, Parlor Press LLC, 2004, p. 593. (Albraca is first 
mentioned in Book I, Canto VI, stanza 42, on p. 60 

---

17 
writings and reports on the Emirate of Bukhara during the Great Game. 
Muhammad ibn Jafar Narshakhi in his History of Bukhara (completed AD 943–44) 
mentions: 
Bukhara has many names. One of its names was Numijkat. It has also been 
called "Bumiskat". It has 2 names in Arabic. One is "Madinat al Sufriya" 
meaning—"the copper city" and another is "Madinat Al Tujjar" meaning—"The 
city of Merchants". But, the name Bukhara is the original name and more known 
than all the other names. In Khorasan, there is no other city with so many 
names.[16] 
Since the Middle Ages, the city has been known as Buḫārā / اراخ ب in Arabic 
and Persian sources. The modern Uzbek spelling is Buxoro. 
The city's name was mythologized as Albracca in the Italian epic poem 
Orlando Innamorato, published in 1483 by Matteo Maria Boiardo. Main article: 
History of Bukhara Suzani textiles from Bukhara are famous worldwide. This one 
was made before 1850 Coin belonging to the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom found in 
Bukhara The history of Bukhara stretches back millennia. Along with Samarkand, 
Bukhara was the epicentre of the Persian culture in medieval Asia until the fall of 
Timurid dynasty. By 850, Bukhara served as the capital of the Samanid 
Empire,[18] and was the birthplace of Imam Bukhari. The Samanids, claiming 
descent from Bahram Chobin, rejuvenated Persian culture far from Baghdad, the 
centre of the Islamic world. New Persian flourished in Bukhara and Rudaki, the 
father of Persian poetry, was born and raised in Bukhara and wrote his most 
famous poem about the beauty of the city. For this purpose Bukhara had 
continuously serves as the most important of cities in many Persianate empires, 
namely Samanids, Khwarazmids, and Timurids. 

---

18