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Question: What information should the author give about the procedures?
The information the author provides regarding procedures is extremely important in terms of the study’s replicability. After reading this information, the reader should have a clear under-standing of how the study was conducted and be able to replicate it if she or he wished to. In this section, the author should explain exactly how the materials and equipment were used, exactly what the subjects were asked to do or what was done to them, and exactly what the environmental conditions were when the study was being conducted. Anything that occurred during the study that might turn out to be an internal or external extraneous variable should be reported.
Question: What information should the author give about the analyses?
Analysis of the data generated in a study is a step-by-step process. The author should explain how the data were organized and what steps were taken in analyzing them.


III. DATA COLLECTION
In this section, you give all of the specific information about how you actually collected data and what happened when you did. For example, you might detail the number of questionnaires you distributed, when you distributed them, to whom you gave them, and how many were returned. Be thorough in collecting and reporting data because “minor” details may turn out to be quite significant. Do keep in mind that this section is for factual information about the data collection process—save your analysis for the next section.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This is the section in which you describe and illustrate your findings and draw conclusions from what you have found. You go back to your research plan, compare the data that you actually got with the data that you expected to get, and discuss the significance of the similarities and differences that you find in these data.
Question: What information does a well-written results section provide?
The results section of a study should contain a clearly expressed summary of the data and of the results of the analyses. The data are often summarized in tables, graphs, or diagrams; the results are summarized in a commentary on those data. If, for example, the results of a series of proficiency tests given to two groups were being compared, then in a table, the author would provide information on the number of subjects in each group, the time of each test, the groups’ average scores, and the difference between their average scores. In the commentary, the author would summarize her analysis of those data.