Chapter 1: Algorithms
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16. [ELMO Shortlist 2010]
You are given a deck of
kn cards each with a number in {1, 2,
…,
n} such that there are
k cards with each number. First,
n
piles numbered {1, 2, …,
n} of
k cards each are dealt out face
down. You are allowed to look at the piles and rearrange the
k
cards in each pile. You now flip over a card from pile 1, place
that card face up at the bottom of the pile, then next flip over a
card from the pile whose number matches the number on the
card just flipped. You repeat this
until you reach a pile in
which every card has already been flipped and wins if at that
point every card has been flipped.
Under what initial
conditions (distributions of cards into piles) can you
guarantee winning this game?
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