On Free Economic Trade Circulation
part-time secondary education has been
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part-time secondary education has been introduced for children aged 5-7 to 14-16. In addition to free state-run schools, there are also private (paying) schools, mainly run by religious and ethnic groups. Classes are conducted in the language of those groups. Studying in higher educational institutions is paid for. All regions have universities. Major: Toronto, Vancouver, Kingston, Machine Translated by Google Universities of Montreal, Quebec. Scientific Institutions: Royal Society of Canada, Social Science Research Council (all in Ottawa), several scientific researches in forestry and agriculture National Museum of Canada in Ottawa, National Gallery, National Arts Centre, Royal Ontario Museum, Art Gallery in Toronto, Art Gallery in Montreal institutions. Major Libraries: Parliamentary, Public, National, National Academic (all in Ottawa), public libraries in Montreal and Toronto, as well as libraries at the universities of Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver. Machine Translated by Google Press, radio and television Museum, Museum of the Province of Quebec in Quebec, etc. there is about 300 gas in the languages of groups (German, Italian, Chinese, etc.). and b. there are periodicals. The largest: in English - "Globe eng meyl" ("Post of the World", daily newspaper, from 1844), "Toronto-Star" ("Toronto Star", daily newspaper, from 1892), "Gazette" (daily newspaper, from 1778), "Ottawa Citizen" ("Ottawa Citizen", daily Canada publishes 114 daily newspapers and 1,200 weekly newspapers. Ethnic Machine Translated by Google evening paper, from 1845), "Vancouver Sun" ("Vancouver Sun", daily evening paper, from 1886), etc. In French - "Devoir" ("Duty", daily newspaper, from 1910), "Press" ("Press", daily evening newspaper, from 1884), "Soley" ("Sun", daily evening newspaper, from 1896 from) and b. "Canadian Labour" ("Canadian Labor Unions", monthly magazine, in English and French, from 1956), "McLean's Canadian Weekly News", ("McLean's News of Canada", weekly magazine, in English, from 1905) comes out. There is the Canadian Press, a national news agency (founded in 1917). "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" — CBS, Machine Translated by Google Literature Corporation, established in 1936. A total of 115 TVs and 575 The oral art of Canadian indigenous people (Indians, Eskimos) has been passed down from generation to generation. Canadian literature was formed mainly in English (18th century) and French (19th century). Russian, Ukrainian, etc. literary works are also published in languages. Oral works of Indians and Eskimos English-Canadian writers Canadian Broadcasting and Television Radio broadcasting began in 1926, and television broadcasting in 1952. the radio station works. Machine Translated by Google Literature in the English language was initially influenced by and inspired by English romanticism. The so-called Confederation poets wrote works about the beauty of nature and called for the unity of people of different nationalities living in Canada. Historical novels developed in the second half of the 19th century. Poet Pauline Johnson (1862-1913) devoted her whole life to protecting the rights of Indians and developing their legends in a literary way. In general, the harsh conditions of colonial dependence hindered the development of national literature. was partially collected by (20th century). Machine Translated by Google Canadian towns in his works It became world famous by depicting the morality of the population, the rule of money, and the helplessness of the "small" man. Literary magazines, early histories of Canadian literature, and anthologies appeared in the early 20th century. The Canadian Writers' Union was formed (1921), which united mainly English-Canadian writers. From the middle of the 20th century, the national character of Canadians began to be clearly manifested in English-language literature. From the 40s, critical realism developed. The heroes of realistic novels written by F. Grove are working people. Realist writer M. Kellehen Humorist S. Leacock (1869-1944) own Machine Translated by Google His works are imbued with the spirit of humanity and compassion for the people. X. Romantic poets in late Canada Literature in French. During the period of French rule in Canada, works were written on religious themes. 19th century In his writings, McLennan called for the unity of Canadians from England and France ("Two Solitudes", 1945). The theme of many works of the 60s and 80s is devoted to confusion in the life of the society. Issues such as Canadian problems and the situation of Indians and Eskimos are the focus of Canadian progressive writers is standing. Machine Translated by Google Cremadi's work introduced the spirit of French Romantic poetry to Canadian literature. created their works. F. de Gaspé's story "Ancient Canadians" is the most influential work of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the patriarchal life and the religiousness of the peasants were glorified. L. Emon's novel "Maria Shapdlen" enriched the literature of the colonial period with vivid images. Realism developed in the 1930s. In the 1940s, writers covered social issues depicted satirically (the novel "At the Foot of the Slope", 1944); Gabriel Rua "Accidental Happiness" school was established. Poet JO Influenced by French romantics, including W. Hugo, LO Freshett, LPLeme own started R. Lemlen church staff Machine Translated by Google works of Cloutier). Yu. Aachen called on the French Canadians to fight for national pride ("The Event of the Coming Days"). In the 60s and 80s, poets tried to reflect the intellectual and creative life of their contemporaries. A. showed the life of workers in his novel. In the prose of the 1950s, attention was paid to spiritual experiences, to the feeling of alienation and loneliness in society (I. Terio, E. Granbois wrote works on the themes of love, life and death. Indians live in cellars, wigwams, roofed with skins or wood Architecture Machine Translated by Google lived in houses. In the 17th-19th centuries, the French brought to Eastern Canada the construction of houses with strong walls and steep roofs, hall churches (with 1-2 towers at the front), and public buildings according to their traditions. During this period J. Architects such as Demer and T. Bayarje flourished. In the part of Canada occupied by the British (18th-19th centuries), the construction of buildings from cinch and stone in the style of classicism (architect J. Merrick) developed. From the middle of the 19th century, cities with straight streets and low-rise buildings (Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Quebec) began to rise. Architects E. Lennox, J. Buildings were built in a mixed style based on Lyle's projects. USA since the end of the 19th century Machine Translated by Google From the middle of the 20th century, the old cities began to be rebuilt and expanded rapidly. Modern industrial and public buildings were built from reinforced concrete and steel (Toronto's Annecy Island complex and city hall buildings, Montreal's Ville-Marie Square, the World's Fair, the Olympic complex, etc.). Cities were built on the basis of a single project, and comfortable residential areas were built around enterprises. the influence of architecture increased, construction of tall public buildings and hotels increased (architects such as F. Darling, J. Pearson). Fine art Machine Translated by Google The age of the Indians. his art consisted of wood carving, stone, bone, horn carving, feather and shell ornaments, hand weaving, needlework and deer wool embroidery, painting. After the 17th century, immigrants from Europe and the United States and their descendants contributed to this work. Eskimos made human and animal figurines from stone, bone and animal horns. Since the arrival of Europeans, Canadian visual arts have developed in a unique way under the influence of French and English art. Indian and Eskimo art has long been developed in Canada. Machine Translated by Google portrait painting and religious painting appeared; wooden figurines, silver dishes, watercolor landscapes were created. In the middle of the 19th century, painters depicting the life of peasants, the views of the regions and the life of the Indians (P. Kane, Kryghof of Canada, H. works depicting the charming nature Lismere is a beautiful northern latitude started 17th - early 19th centuries Morris, T. Thomson, J. McDonald, A. Along with modernism (A. Pellon, J. Riopel) in contemporary Canadian art, there is a realist current (J. Lemieux, T. Macdonald, F. Watson, H. Walker) created. In the 20th century, JU created. Machine Translated by Google from the end, concerts began to be held. 19- Taylor, R. Pilo) are also available. Design and applied decorative arts (carving, carpet making, pottery) are developing. Woodcarving, Ukrainian-Iraqi, and Eskimo sculpture stand out in Halk's work. Music has been an integral part of the life of indigenous peoples and immigrants since ancient times. Warrior, hunter songs, romantic songs typical of the Indians are joyful and expressive. Until the end of the 18th century, mainly church music was painting. 18th century by the power of amateurs at the turn of the century Music Machine Translated by Google opera performances were shown. In the second half of the 19th century, the conditions for the development of professional music were created, and a society of music amateurs was formed. Canada Lavalle, one of the musical figures, created the national anthem "O, Canada". Professional composers and musicians appeared in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the 40s, music began to develop rapidly. Permanent opera troupes in Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg, National Ballet in Ontario, Classical Ballet in Ottawa, Royal Ballet in Winnipeg, 30 in various cities European musicians in Canada, US opera troupes and symphonic orchestras gave a concert. Initial Machine Translated by Google Singers such as Johnson, L. Simono, G. Canadian music figures M. There is the Canadian Association of Composers, Authors and Publishers. There are 8 higher music schools in Canada. In a number of cities, music schools and music faculties have been opened under universities. Since 1965, an international music festival and competition of musicians has been held in Montreal every year. Composers such as Blackburn, J. Weinsweig, P. Mercure, conductors such as J. Baudry, A. Brott, P. Dervo, L. Marshall, T. Stratas, E. There is a permanent orchestra nearby. Musicians such as Gould, I. Handel are famous. Theater Machine Translated by Google Indian rituals have elements of folk theater art. They used masks and dolls to perform religious ceremonies. Canada to the theater repertoire Plays by P. Cornell, J. Racine, and J. Moliere were staged. In 1606, the theater "Neptune" in Port-Royal staged Lescarbo's poetic play "The Mask of the Sea". Indians and French participated in the performance. In 1774, in Halifax, the first play from Canadian life - "Acadius, or love in the wilderness" was staged. 1825 The first permanent theater was opened in Montreal. Professional theater from the 17th century in Quebec and It began to develop in the regions of Acadia. Machine Translated by Google Meir's works were included. Montreal, Toronto, Victoria, Hamilton, Winnipeg From the late 1980s to the First World War , mobile professional theaters flourished. The Quebec and Halifax theater troupes included actors from the United States, France, and England, as well as Canadian actors. During this period, traveling professional theaters called "road" became widespread. In the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, universities, schools, clubs and playwrights — J. Kenel, Ch. Hevisij, Ch. theaters were established in the cities. 19- many amateur troupes were organized in churches. In the late 40s, professional theaters in major cities Machine Translated by Google will be done. appeared. These include the Rideau Ver in Montreal, Theater Toronto in Toronto, and the Citadel in Edmonton. Plays of Shakespeare, Moliere, Turgenev, Chekhov, etc. are staged there. The process of creating a national theater culture is going on in the French- language theaters. In Canada, directors such as M. Anglei, W. Huston, R. Massey, Canada Kolikos, L. Green, Sh. Actors like King, Canada Reed are famous. National School of Theater Arts in Toronto, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Queens University there are drama sections. "Canadian Theater" magazine (in English and French). Machine Translated by Google Cinema In 1898, an advertising film was shot on the order of the Canadian film company Massey-Harris. In 1900, the Canadian Bioscope produced a series of films to entertain immigrants to Canada. The series of films entitled "Life in Canada" issued by G. Bradford from 1903 also served this purpose. 1906 The first permanent cinema opened in Montreal. In 1914, the first Canadian feature film - "Evangelina" (directed by IP Sullivan, UX Kovano) was shot in Montreal. Faroib was interested in the nature of the north and the life of the Eskimos Machine Translated by Google American director R. Flaherty shot the documentary film "The Child of the North - Nanuk" (1922) and made a significant contribution to the development of Canadian documentary cinema. Canada's first sound film is "Viking" (directed by W. Frissell, J. Melford, 1931). Director J. Grierson made an important contribution to the establishment of national film art. 1939 National Council on Cinema Issues was established. He managed the production of documentary films by the state. During the Second World War, the film series "Battle Harmony" became famous. In 1952, the first color film "Etienne Brule, the barren" was created. "City of Gold" (director Canada Lowe), "May peace last", "Fresh with the sea". Machine Translated by Google The Canadian Film Academy awards the best films every year. is held regularly. 1400 in Canada there is a cinema, a film archive and a film library. between water" (director M. Bro) films were created. Among the films released in the 1970s and 1990s are "Blue Winter" (directed by A. Blanchard), "Why was the teacher shot" (directed by S. Naritsanno), "The Hunter" (directed by 3. R. Delen), "The Old Fox" ( director F. Borsos) can be shown. Interesting cartoons are also created in Canada. International film festivals in Stratford, Montreal, Vancouver Gallery Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google Sources Machine Translated by Google "https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/inde This page was last edited on March 30, 2023, 1:28 p.m. • From text CC BY- SA 3.0 may be used under license (unless otherwise noted). received x.php? from title=Canada&oldid=3631633" . Machine Translated by Google Download 1.7 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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