On the absorption of light by crystals
assumed th a t the electron is rem oved onto a neighbouring m etal io n ; while this m ay
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rspa.1938.0137 (1)
assumed th a t the electron is rem oved onto a neighbouring m etal io n ; while this m ay
be approxim ately correct for the alkali halides, it does not seem to be a good approxi mation for the silver salts, as we shall see below. Downloaded from https://royalsocietypublishing.org/ on 01 January 2023 386 N. F. Mott ion th a n th e sm aller halogen ato m . T he energy for th e norm al s ta te will thus rise m ore steeply th a n for th e ex cited s ta te , as shown. I t is possible t h a t the curves cross, as in th e diagram . I f now th e electron re tu rn s d irectly from A to B , it m u st g et rid of several electron v o lts energy an d th u s excite p erh ap s 100 q u a n ta a t once. This process has been discussed th eo retically b y P eierls (1932) w ho shows th a t it can occur, b u t only if th e re is v ery stro n g coupling b etw een th e electron and th e la ttic e v ib ratio n s. W e shall, th e n , te n ta tiv e ly assum e t h a t th e electron will only ju m p from th e excited to th e norm al s ta te if th e rm a l agitation F i g . 1 brings th e cen tral a to m to th e p o in t C, from w hich it can re tu rn to th e norm al electronic s ta te a t D b y giving u p only a few q u a n ta o f rad iatio n . W ith this assum ption, if B d t is th e p ro b a b ility p e r tim e dt t h a t th e electron re tu rn s to its g round s ta te w ith th e em ission of h e a t, we should ex p ect th a t B = v'e~w '/kT, w here W ' is th e energy necessary to b rin g a n electron from A to C, an d v' will be of th e sam e order (b u t p erh ap s ra th e r less th a n ) th e atom ic frequency. W e m ay now w rite dow n th e n u m b e r r)e of free electrons a n d th e num ber rj(l of re-em itted q u a n ta o b ta in e d p e r q u a n tu m absorbed. These are 7 ]e = P / ( P + A + B ) = [~1 + — eW/kT V _ e(W-W’)/kT~\ 1 L Download 93.32 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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