Operative dentistry aje qualtrough, jd satterthwaite la morrow, pa brunton

Follow-up radiographs
Radiographic follow-up is an adjunct to, but should not replace, 
clinical follow-up. A periapical radiograph is an important aid for
evaluating the success or failure of endodontic treatment. The first 
follow-up radiograph is taken directly after completion of endodontic
treatment, preferably by the paralleling technique. Subsequent, 
follow-up radiographs should be exposed under the same conditions
and using the same technique in order to permit comparisons.
The recommended intervals for radiographic follow-up of 
symptom-free teeth are 6, 12 and 24 months
4
. If resolution is question-
able at 2 years, further annual radiographs may be justified. However,
it must be remembered that patient exposure to radiation must
always be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
In cases of teeth that become symptomatic during follow-up, other
radiographs may be required according to clinical judgement.
ACCESS CAVITIES
An access cavity is a preparation (usually into the clinical crown)
through which treatment of the dental pulp or pulp space is effected.
It is essential that the operator has a good understanding of normal
tooth and root canal anatomy (Figs 3.1, 3.2).
Objectives
The objectives of preparation of an access cavity are:
• To remove the entire roof of the pulp chamber so that the chamber
can be fully debrided and its floor examined to locate canals.
• To facilitate root canal shaping by providing straight-line access to
the apical third of the root canals.
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Principles of endodontics


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Fig. 3.1
Anatomy and access cavity outline for maxillary teeth.
Fig. 3.2
Anatomy and access cavity outline for mandibular teeth.
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• To enable a temporary seal to be placed securely.
• To conserve as much tooth tissue as possible (while satisfying the
previous objectives).