Organik kimyodan mustaqil ta`lim uchun dasturlashtirilgan topshiriqlar yaratish texnologiyasi
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41 B e n z o l g o m o l o g l a r i o l i s h n i n g m u h i m u s u l l a r i d a n b i r i b e n z o l n i a l k i l l a s h r e a k s i y a s i h i s o b l a n a d i . B u r e a k s i y a 1 9 7 7 yi l d a F r i d e l - K r a f t s - G u s t a v s o n t o m o n i d a n o c h i l g a n b o ‟ l i b , u b e n z o l g a k a t a l i z a t o r l a r – s u v s i z l a n t i r i l g a n a l y u m i n i y x l o r i d , a l y u m i n i y f t o r i d , r u x , t e m i r x l o r i d l a r i i s h t i r o k i d a g a l o g e n a l k i l l a r t a ‟ s i r e t t i r i s h g a a s o s l a n g a n : + R – CH 2 – CH 2 Cl + HCl R CH – CH 3 AlCl 3 + R – CH 2 – CH 2 Cl + HCl R CH – CH 3 AlCl 3 B u r e a k s i y a n i n g k a m c h i l i g i s h u n d a n i b o r a t k i , r e a k s i y a v a q t i d a b e n z o l n i n g b i r a l m a s h g a n h o s i l a l a r i b i l a n b i r g a u n i n g ko ‟p al mashgan hosilalari ha m hosil bo ‟l adi. Undan tashqar, r e a k s i y a v a q t i d a r a d i k a l l a r i z o m e r l a n a d i . M a s a l a n , a l k i l l o v c h i a g e n t s i f a t i d a i z o b u t i l x l o r i d i s h l a t i l g a n d a o x i r i g i m a h s u l o t sifatida uchla mc hi butilbenzol hosil bo ‟l adi: B u r e a k s i y a d a a l k i l l o v c h i a g e n t s i f a t i d a s p i r t l a r v a o l e f i n l a r d a n f o yd a l a n i s h m u m k i n . B u n d a k a t a l i z a t o r s i f a t i d a a l y u m i n i y x l o r i d d a n t a s h q a r i k o n s e n t r l a n g a n s u l f a t , o r t o f o s f a t , p o l i f o s f o r , f t o r i d k i s l o t a l a r d a n f o y d a l a n i s h m u m k i n : + CH 3 – CH – CH 2 Cl + HCl CH 3 C – CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 AlCl 3 + CH 3 – CH – CH 2 Cl + HCl CH 3 C – CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 AlCl 3 R – OH H 2 SO 4 R–CH=CH 2 AlCl 3 R + H 2 O R CH – CH 3 R – OH H 2 SO 4 R–CH=CH 2 AlCl 3 R + H 2 O R CH – CH 3 R – OH H 2 SO 4 R–CH=CH 2 AlCl 3 R + H 2 O R CH – CH 3 |
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