Основы теоретической грамматики английского языка
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O Unina OTGAY GI.pdf
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Personal Pronouns - Nominative (Subjective)
- Personal Pronouns - Objective
- Personal Pronouns - Possessive adjectives (Genitive)
- Personal Pronouns - Possessive
- Pronoun Pronouns are words used instead of a noun. Demonstrative pronouns
- Indefinite pronouns
Personal Pronoun
Personal pronouns stand in the place of a person's name. In the sentence "John went home.", the word "John" may be replaced with the personal pronoun "he". Personal pronouns have four cases: nominative (subjective), objective, possessive adjectives (genitive), and possessive. Pronouns have also "person" (1st, 2nd, or 3rd), "number" (singular or plural), and "gender" (masculine, feminine, or neuter) attributes. Personal Pronouns - Nominative (Subjective) The nominative pronouns are used in the subject of a sentence. Example: You have a book. Person,n umber Nomi native 1st,singul ar I 2nd,sing ular you 3rd,singu lar he, she, it 1st,plural we 2nd,plura l you 3rd,plura l they Personal Pronouns - Objective Objective pronouns are used in the object of a sentence. Example: Give me the book. Person,n umber Obj ective 1st,singul ar me 2nd,sing you 81 ular 3rd,singu lar him , her 1st,plural us 2nd,plura l you 3rd,plura l the m Personal Pronouns - Possessive adjectives (Genitive) Possessive adjectives are sometimes called attributive possessive pronouns. They generally modify noun phrases. Example: This is my book. Person,n umber Possessive adjectives 1st,singul ar my 2nd,sing ular your 3rd,singu lar his, her 1st,plural our 2nd,plura l your 3rd,plura l their Personal Pronouns - Possessive Possessive pronouns are nominal in nature and they occur in the object of a sentence. Example: This book is mine. Person,n umber Possessive pronouns 1st,singul ar mine 2nd,sing ular yours 3rd,singu lar his, hers 1st,plural ours 2nd,plura l yours 3rd,plura l theirs 82 Predicate The predicate is the part of the sentence that contains a verb or verb phrase and its complements. The predicate of the sentence "John cried" is "cried". The predicate of the sentence "Mary will give me a letter." is "will give me a letter". = ( Preposition Prepositions indicate relationships between different parts of the sentence. Common prepositions are: from, toward, in, about, over, above, under, at, below Examples: Clouds are over the earth and below the moon. John went toward the mountain at 3:00 O'clock. Pronoun Pronouns are words used instead of a noun. Demonstrative pronouns are this, that, and such. Example: That is pretty. Pronouns like who and which are interrogative pronouns when they introduce questions. Example: Which is pretty? Pronouns like who and which are called relative pronouns when they introduce clauses. Example: The flower, which is on the table, is pretty. Indefinite pronouns are each, either, some, any, many, few, and all. Example: Some are pretty. Personal pronouns are used to refer to persons. Subject The subject is the part of the sentence which performs an action or which is associated with the action. The subject of the sentence "John cried" is the proper noun "John". The subject of the sentence "Lions and tigers growled." is the compound subject "lions and tigers". Verb Action verbs constitute the majority of English verbs. They include "sing", "write", "swim", etc. The typical regular verb conjugation is similar to: 83 Infinitive (Vinf): start Present Participle (Ving): startin g Past participle (Vpastp): starte d Person,N umber Prese nt Past (Vpast) 1st,singul ar I (V1s) start started 2nd,singu lar yo u (V2s) start started 3rd,singul ar he/ she/it (V3s) starts started 1st,plural we (V1p) start started 2nd,plura l yo u (V2p) start started 3rd,plural the y (V3p) start started Verb Phrase Verb Phrases are sequences of auxiliary and action verbs that may show tense, mood, aspect, and voice. The future tense, for example, is constructed by placing "will" before an infinitive form of a verb as in "She will study tomorrow". Aspect refers to the manner in which the verb action is experienced. An example of present perfect aspect is "John has lived in Paris". |
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