Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents in Irbid Governorate, Jordan.
- Prevalence of Elevated Hepatic Transaminases among Jordanian Pa ents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
- Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
- Abstract BACKGROUND
- SUBJECTS AND METHODS
- Abstract OBJECTIVES: To
- The Association between Periodontal Disease and Obesity among Adults in Jordan.
- Abstract AIM
- CONCLUSION
- Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Urban and Semi- Urban Jordanian Children Aged 3-6 Years.
- Abstract OBJECTIVES
- CONCLUSIONS
- Obesity and Diabetes in Jordan: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2004.
- Abstract INTRODUCTION
CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are becoming a health problem among both boys and girls in Jordan. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Detecting the prevalence and the associated factors of overweight and obesity among adolescents is the first step toward proposing intervention strategies.
Int J Nurs Pract. 2010 Aug;16(4):397-405. Predictors of Obesity in School-Aged Jordanian Adolescents. Al-Kloub MI, Al-Hassan MA, Froelicher ES. Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. manalkloub@yahoo.com Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the frequency of overweight and obesity in adolescents as defined by the International Obesity Task Force, and to estimate the effect of sociodemographic and health behaviours (eating habits and physical activity) that predict obesity. A stra fied (by gender) random sample of 518 adolescents, aged 15 or 16 years was obtained from eight public schools in Amman. In this sample 17.5% were overweight and 9.6% were obese. The predictors of obesity and overweight (excess weight) were: (i) fathers attained primary and secondary educa on; (ii) total monthly family income > or = 300 (JD); (iii) working mothers; (iv) family size < or = 6; and (v) having obese parents. Eating a low quality diet (chips, candy) was a significant dietary predictor of excess weight. The family variables found to be important predictors along
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with a low quality diet suggest that family interventions would be necessary in the control of adolescent excess weight.
East Mediterr Health J. 2010 Jun;16(6):657-62. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents in Irbid Governorate, Jordan. Abu Baker NN, Daradkeh SM. Faculty of Nursing, Jordan
University of Science and Technology, Irbid
, Jordan
. nesrin@just.edu.jo Abstract Overweight and obesity is an escalating health problem in both developed and developing countries. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 13-16 years in Irbid governorate, Jordan, and to compare the prevalence by sex, residential area and socioeconomic status. In a cluster random sample of 1355 school students the prevalence of overweight and obesity (body mass index > or = 85th percen le) was 24.4% (15.7% overweight and 8.7% obese) and was significantly higher among female students, students who lived in urban areas and those with working parents. This high prevalence of overweight is a serious concern for public health in Jordan.
Ann Saudi Med. 2010 Jan-Feb;30(1):25-32. Prevalence of Elevated Hepatic Transaminases among Jordanian Pa ents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Judi L, Toukan A, Khader Y, Ajlouni K, Khatib MA. National Center for Diabetes
Endocrinology and Genetics, Diabetology, Queen Rania St., PO Box 13165, Amman, Jordan. layla_judi@yahoo.com Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since the extent of elevation of liver transaminases in type 2 diabe cs in Jordan and most of the Middle East is unknown, we estimated the prevalence of elevated liver transaminase levels among pa ents with type 2 diabetes and determined associated risk factors.
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METHODS: This study was performed on 1014 consecu ve type 2 diabe c outpatients who attended the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gene cs in Amman, Jordan. The pa ents' age ranged between 26-85 years with a mean age of 56.8 (+9.8). Three- hundred and fifty three (54.5%) were males with a median age of 58 years (ranging between 26-82 years), and four hundred and sixty one (45.5%) were females with a median age of 57 years (ranging between 28-85 years). Body mass index, waist circumference, lipid profile, and hepatic transaminase levels were recorded. Ultraonography was performed in those with elevated alanine transaminase levels. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) level was 10.4% (n=105) with the gender-wise prevalence being 12.8% (n=71) in men and 7.4% (n=34) in women. The prevalence of elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) levels was 5.4% (n=56) with the gender-wise prevalence being 5.6% (n=31) in men and 5.4% (n=25) in women.. Only 4.5% (n=44) showed elevated levels of both ALT and AST. Male gender (OR=2.35, CI:1.5-3.8) and high waist circumference (OR=1.9, CI:1.2-3.2) were associated with increased risk of elevated ALT levels. Younger patients had a higher tendency to have elevated ALT compared to those over 65 years (OR=12.4 for pa ents aged 25-45years, and OR=5.8 for those who were 45-65 years old). Non-insulin use was associated with a high odds ra o for elevated ALT levels (OR=1.7, CI: 1.1-2.9). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated ALT and AST levels are found in 10.4% and 5.4% of our type 2 diabe c pa ents respec vely. Male gender, younger age, higher waist circumference; as an indicator of central obesity, as well as non insulin use are independent predictors of elevated liver transaminase levels. 289
Ann Saudi Med. 2009 Jul-Aug;29(4):270-4. Factors Associated with Sexual Dysfunction in Jordanian Women and Their Sexual Attitudes. Abu Ali RM, Al Hajeri RM, Khader YS, Ajlouni KM. Na onal Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gene cs, Amman 11942, Jordan.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is defined as disorders of libido, arousal, and orgasm, as well as sexual pain, that leads to personal distress or interpersonal difficulties. Social aspects of FSD have been understudied. The aim of this study was to explore the social aspects of FSD and sexual attitudes of Jordanian women.
studied between October 2006 and August 2007 at the Na onal Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan. Females were interviewed using a special questionnaire that was suitable to our culture and added to the Arabic translation of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire. RESULTS: Older age was associated with a decreased total FSD index and its domain scores. Women with obesity were more likely to have impaired arousability and impaired capability of reaching orgasm. About 58.5% of women reported that they prepared themselves if they had sexual desire and 68.2% reported wearing special a re for this purpose. Only 37.2% of women could ask their husband for a special excitement. CONCLUSIONS: FSD is prevalent in Jordan. Its social aspects are understudied and need more research in the future. 290
Matern Child Health J. 2009 May;13(3):424-31. Epub 2008 May 22. Overweight and Obesity among School Children in Jordan: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Khader Y, Irshaidat O, Khasawneh M, Amarin Z, Alomari M, Batieha A. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan
University of Science & Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
. yousef.k@excite.com Abstract OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determine their associated factors among school children aged 6-12 years in the north of Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school children in the north of Jordan in the period between March 2006 and May 2006. A total of 2,131 children (1,052 boys and 1,079 girls) were selected at random using multistage cluster sampling method. The first part of the questionnaire was completed by pupils in schools and the second part was completed by their parents at home. The researchers measured height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and mid upper arm circumference of each student in the class. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the international cut-off points of body mass index for boys and girls between 2 and 18 years of age. RESULTS: Of the total 2,131 children, 19.4% were overweight (18.8% of boys and 19.9% of girls) and 5.6% were obese (5.6% of boys and 5.5% of girls). Watching television >2 h/day, daily pocket money >20 piasters (1 piaster = 1.42 cents), having overweight or obese mother/father were significantly associated with increased odds of both overweight and obesity. Age > or = 10 years, female gender, and family size of < or =4 were significantly associated with being overweight and total monthly family income >300 Jordanian Dinars (JDs), (1 JD = $1.42) was associated with obesity.
Jordanian children compared with that in the neighboring countries, the prevalence of obesity was lower.
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Saudi Med J. 2009 Jun;30(6):737-49. Factors Contributing to Adolescent Obesity. Al-Kloub MI, Froelicher ES. Faculty of Nursing, University of Jordan, PO Box 11942, Amman, Jordan. manalkloub@yahoo.com Abstract Obesity in children is a significant public health concern. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Jordanian children, and adolescents has increased in the last decade. The consequences of obesity to health in childhood and adulthood have both medical, and economic cost to individuals and society. This paper reviews the factors that contribute to adolescent obesity and emphasizes behavioral and environmental factors. An individual's behaviors such as increased consumption of high caloric foods, increased sedentary activity while decreasing physical activity has been identified as key issues in the development of obesity. Additionally, the current environment in homes, schools, and neighborhoods tend to discourage a healthy lifestyle. A comprehensive approach that involves the whole community is the best strategy for preventing adolescent obesity. Nurses are in a unique position to provide leadership in developing programs for healthier lifestyle choices for adolescents' and adoption of these goals into their daily lives.
J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Jan;36(1):18-24. Epub 2008 Nov 19. The Association between Periodontal Disease and Obesity among Adults in Jordan. Khader YS, Bawadi HA, Haroun TF, Alomari M, Tayyem RF. Department of Public Health, Community Medicine, and Family Medicine, Jordan
University of Science
and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
. yousef.k@excite.com Abstract AIM: To determine the relationship between periodontitis and overweight/obesity among Jordanians. 292
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systema c random sample of 340 persons aged between 18 and 70 years was selected from those who accompanied patients during their visit to the outpatient clinics in the medical centre of Jordan University of Science and Technology in north of Jordan. All participants underwent periodontal examination, had anthropometric measurements, and completed the questionnaire. Periodontitis was defined as presence of four or more teeth with one or more sites with probing pocket depth >or=4 mm and clinical a achment loss >or=3 mm. RESULTS: Only 14% of normal weight par cipants had periodontal disease whereas 29.6% of overweight and 51.9% of obese par cipants had periodontal disease. Periodontitis was more prevalent among subjects with high waist circumference (WC) and among subjects with high waist-to-hip ratio. After adjusting for important variables, only body mass index (BMI)- defined obesity [odds ra o (OR)=2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 6.1], high WC (OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.2, 3.7), and high fat per cent (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.3) remained significantly associated with increased odds of periodontitis.
significantly associated with increased odds of having periodontitis.
Journal of Biological Sciences, 2009; 9(7):738-745 Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Jordan University Students. Suleiman, A. A.; Alboqai, O. K.; Yasein, N.; El-Qudah, J. M.; Bataineh, M. F.; Obeidat, B. A.
To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Jordan University students and to investigate some factors that might be associated with overweight and obesity. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Jordan University, Amman, Jordan from March to September, 2005 using a mul stage stra fied sampling technique to recruit the participants. A total of 1219 students aged 17-28 years completed the study procedure with a response rate of 81.3%. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire included questions on biological and non-biological factors influencing the development of 293
overweight and obesity. Also, height and weight were self reported to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) and to categorize it into normal, overweight and obese according to WHO (1997) classifica on. The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among university students were 28.5 and 10.2%, respec vely. Biological factors significantly associated with overweight and obesity were increasing age, being female and parental obesity (p<0.05). Also, non-biological factors including, physical inactivity, non-healthy diet, lower family monthly income and being non-smoker were significantly associated with overweight and obesity (p<0.05). Obesity is a problem among Jordan University students. Factors behind overweight and obesity among Jordan University students were increasing age, being female, parental obesity, physical inactivity, non-healthy diet, lower family monthly income and being non-smoker.
Child Care Health Dev. 2008 Jul;34(4):464-9. Epub 2008 May 7. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Urban and Semi- Urban Jordanian Children Aged 3-6 Years. Ibrahim AI, Hawamdeh ZM, Al-Smadi JT, Ammari BA. Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. alaa_ibrahim40@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVES: To show the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Jordanian urban and semi-urban children; to compare their body mass index (BMI) with the international standards of BMI.
between 3 and 6 years for height, weight and mid upper arm circumference. BMI was calculated and transformed into percentiles. Children were divided into boys and girls. RESULTS: The mean and SD values of BMI observed in our study were 16.69 +/- 4.9 kg/m(2) for boys and 16.82 +/- 4.77 kg/m(2) for girls aged 3-6 years. The prevalence of obesity and overweight among boys was 20.8% and 3.8% respec vely and among girls was 19.1% and 7.2% respec vely. In total, 48.0% of boys and 38.1% of girls were of healthy weight.
years was higher than the expected 50th percen le of the (World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) reference values for a similar age range but, it was equivalent to the 75th percen le values. 294
Obesity was more frequent than overweight among boys and girls aged 3-6 years.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2008 Jun;6(2):113-20. Obesity in Jordan: Prevalence, Associated Factors, Comorbidities, and Change in Prevalence over Ten Years. Khader Y, Batieha A, Ajlouni H, El-Khateeb M, Ajlouni K. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan . yousef.k@excite.com Abstract OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of obesity in northern Jordan, identify its associated factors, assess its association with selected comorbidities, and determine how the prevalence of obesity has changed in Jordan over 10 years. METHODS: A total of 1121 par cipants aged 25 years and above were randomly selected. Sociodemographic characteristics as well as information on selected metabolic disorders and their potential risk factors were obtained. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were measured. Obesity was defined based on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of obesity in northern Jordan was 28.1% (95% CI: 23.4, 32.8) for men and 53.1% (95% CI: 49.3, 57.0) for women. Irrespective of age or measure used, women always had a considerably higher prevalence of obesity than men. The prevalence of obesity varied greatly with age, generally increasing, irrespective of the measurement used. There has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity over a period of ten years for both men and women aged 60 years and above only. When important variables were taken into account in logistic regression analyses, obesity was significantly associated with increased odds of having all studied metabolic abnormalities. Female gender, increase in age, being married, former smoker or nonsmoker, and fewer than 12 years of educa on were significantly associated with increased odds of BMI-defined obesity and high waist circumference.
associated comorbidities among Jordanians, especially among women. 295
Prev Chronic Dis. 2008 Jan;5(1):A17. Epub 2007 Dec 15. Obesity and Diabetes in Jordan: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2004. Zindah M, Belbeisi A, Walke H, Mokdad AH. Noncommunicable Disease Department, Adel Belbeisi, Jordan
Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan .
INTRODUCTION: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Jordan. The Jordanian Ministry of Health, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, established a behavioral risk factor surveillance system to monitor the behavioral risk factors associated with chronic diseases.
from which we then randomly selected and interviewed one adult aged 18 years or older. A random subsample of the adults interviewed were then invited to visit the local health clinic, where we obtained medical measurements, including blood lipids (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) and fasting blood glucose. RESULTS: Approximately 9% of the par cipants in the subsample who underwent medical testing reported having been diagnosed with diabetes previously, compared with 16.9% diagnosed in our laboratory tes ng. About 12.3% of the par cipants were glucose intolerant, and about 35% were obese. Obesity was significantly associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and asthma. Compared with adults of normal weight, obese adults had an adjusted odds ra o of 3.27 (95% CI, 1.58-6.76) for diabetes, 3.69 (95% CI, 2.13-6.39) for high blood pressure, 3.45 (95% CI, 1.68-7.10) for high cholesterol, and 5.12 (95% CI, 1.53-17.19) for asthma.
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