Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Adipokines, Coronary Heart Disease Risk and Metabolic
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- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- SUBJECTS AND METHODS
- Abstract OBJECTIVES
- CONCLUSION
- Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
- Pulmonary Ventilatory Functions and Obesity in Kuwait.
- SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A
- Beneficial Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Obese Diabetic Subjects.
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Metabolic Syndrome among Adults Attending Obesity Clinics in Kuwait.
- Slippage after Adjustable Gastric Banding According to the Pars Flaccida and the Perigastric Approach.
- RESULTS
Adipokines, Coronary Heart Disease Risk and Metabolic Abnormali es in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Mojiminiyi OA, Al Mulla F, Abdella NA. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. segunade@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine, which of: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC) correlates best with adipokines and is, therefore, the most suitable for the assessment of insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 248 T2DM pa ents classified by gender, IR, MS and CHD. Fasting adiponectin, leptin, resistin, high- sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, glucose, IR (HOMA), and lipid profile were measured. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to find the associations of these variables with each other and with IR, MS and CHD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to find the best markers of IR, MS and CHD.
associations of BMI, WHR, WHtR and WC with IR, MS and CHD; e.g. in males, WHR showed significant correlation with only resis n (r = 0.30) and lep n (r = 0.39) whereas in females, it showed significant correla ons with only adiponectin (r = -0.33). In males and females WHR showed the weakest correlations with CRP and the adipokines and BMI showed the highest correlations. ROC analysis showed that the BMI had the highest diagnostic values for detection of IR, MS and CHD; WHR had the worst diagnostic value.
and associations with adipokines, CRP, IR, MS and CHD. In patients with T2DM, BMI should be the preferred marker for risk assessment on account of its association with adipokines and diagnostic performance characteristics.
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Med Princ Pract. 2009;18(2):111-7. Epub 2009 Feb 9. Breastfeeding and Obesity among Kuwaiti Preschool Children. Al-Qaoud N, Prakash P. Administra on of Food and Nutri on, Ministry of Health, Shuwaikh 70655, Kuwait. alqaoudnawal@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVES: To determine if breastfeeding and its duration are associated with a reduced risk of obesity among Kuwaiti preschool children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 2,291 (1,092 males and 1,199 females) preschool children (3-6 years of age) and their mothers. The data were collected from September 2003 to June 2004. Height and weight measurements were used for defining weight status while other data were collected by questionnaire.
duration with either overweight or obesity among preschool children after adjusting for effects of the confounders. The child's gender, age and birth weight were the significant factors influencing current weight. Girls were at 32% higher risk of becoming obese than boys. Children aged 4-5 years were at nearly 3 mes higher risk of overweight and obesity than children of less than 4 years. Children with higher birth weight (>or=4 kg) had double the risk of obesity than those of normal birth weight (>or=2.5 to <4.0 kg). Maternal obesity was a strong predictor of obesity in the children. A child with an obese mother had nearly 2 mes higher risk of being overweight (BMI between the 85th the 95th percen les) and 3 mes of being obese (BMI >or=95th percen le) compared to a child born to a mother with a normal body weight.
obesity status. However, there is a positive association between child and maternal obesity.
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Asia Pac J Public Health. 2009 Apr;21(2):153-9. Epub 2009 Feb 3. Prevalence of Obesity among Adolescents (10 To 14 Years) In Kuwait. El-Bayoumy I, Shady I, Lotfy H. Public Health Department, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Shaab, Kuwait. faraibr@hotmail.com Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to find out the prevalence of obesity and overweight among intermediate school adolescents aged 10 to 14 years. The study comprised a mul stage stra fied random sample that included 5402 children (2657 males and 2745 females). They represent 12.7% of the total number of children between 10 and 14 years during the educa onal year 2005-2006. The weights and heights of adolescents were measured, from which the body mass index (BMI) was calculated, which is the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared (kg/m(2)). BMI values higher than 95 percen le were accepted as being obese and those in between 85 and 94 percen le were accepted as overweight. Dietary intake was assessed by the investigators using food exchange lists designed by American Diabetic Association and physical fitness was measured by modified Harvard step test. Data regarding monthly income of the chosen sample were collected from parents of those children. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescent Kuwaiti children aged 10 to 14 years was 30.7% and 14.6%, respec vely. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among males was 29.3% and 14.9%, respec vely (P < .001) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among females was 32.1% and 14.2%, respec vely (P < .001). High daily caloric intake by the obese and overweight children and physical inactivity was reported among the majority of them. Health education programs should be conducted to control this syndrome in order to prevent future risk of obesity-related disease, and physical activity programs should be incorporated in the schools. Any management plan for overweight and obese children should include 3 major components: diets, exercise, and family-based behavior and they should not be placed on restrictive diets because adequate calories are needed for proper growth.
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Ann Saudi Med. 2008 Sep-Oct;28(5):367-70. Serum Leptin and its Relationship with Metabolic Variables in Arabs with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Al-Shoumer KA, Al-Asousi AA, Doi SA, Vasanthy BA. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait. kshoumer@gmail.com Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most studies on serum lep n in type 2 diabetes mellitus have focused on white populations. We studied serum leptin concentrations and parameters related to glycemic control and the association between leptin levels and anthropometric and metabolic factors in Arab pa ents with type 2 diabetes and in Arab control subjects.
with type 2 diabetes and 69 matched normal control subjects (48 females and 21 males) were included. Anthropometric measures (including body mass index [BMI] and waist:hip ratio) were assessed in all subjects. After an overnight fast, blood was collected for serum leptin assay. Other metabolic parameters including glucose, insulin, C-peptide, intact proinsulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), lipids and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were determined. RESULTS: Fasting serum leptin levels, IGF-1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were similar in pa ents with type 2 diabetes and control subjects. When obese subjects (BMI > or =30 kg/m2) were analyzed separately, serum levels of leptin were significantly lower in patients compared to controls. In contrast, patients had higher fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, intact proinsulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c, and a larger waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio than controls. Serum leptin correlated positively with BMI, negatively with waist-to-hip ratio, and demonstrated no relationship to other parameters.
showed evidence of an unfavorable metabolic profile despite having leptin levels similar to controls. Obesity influences serum leptin levels more significantly in type 2 diabetes, in which lep n levels tends to be low.
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East Mediterr Health J. 2008 Mar-Apr;14(2):333-43. Body Mass Index of Kuwai Adolescents Aged 10-14 Years: Reference Percentiles and Curves. Al-Isa AN, Thalib L. Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait, Kuwait. alisa@hsc.kuniv.edu.kw Abstract: The aim of this population-based study was to develop body mass index (BMI) reference standards for Kuwaiti adolescents for use in Kuwait and other Gulf countries. All available intermediate school students aged 10-14 years (32 624 males and 30 209 females) were measured for weight and height. Polynomial regression smoothing techniques were used to obtain the best-fitting curves for BMI percentiles. The BMI of boys at lower centiles and ages was almost always higher than girls. At higher centiles, the BMI of girls was almost always higher than boys. The data were compared with the United States National Center for Health Statistics standards and data from Saudi Arabian and Iranian adolescents.
Med Princ Pract. 2008;17(1):20-6. Pulmonary Ventilatory Functions and Obesity in Kuwait. Al-Bader WR, Ramadan J, Nasr-Eldin A, Barac-Nieto M. Ministry of Public Health, Hawali Health Area, Rumaythia Polyclinic, Kuwait.
ventilatory functions in Kuwaiti adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 200 male and 180 female Kuwai adults aged 20-65 years were inves gated in six medical centers from April 2004 to March 2006. Parameters measured included forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV(1) as a percentage of FVC (FEV%); body mass index (BMI in kg/m(2)) and waist-to-hip ratio (W/H).
were poor individual predictors of pulmonary ventilatory functions. However, central adiposity (W/H) was associated with restrictive respiratory impairment (10.6-13.9% decrease in FEV(1) and 10-12.3% 320
decrease in FVC), independent of sex, age or height. In obese females and males (BMI >30), increasing severity of obesity was significantly (p < 0.05, R(2) >0.6) [corrected] associated with increasing restric ve respiratory impairment (8.7-14.4% decrease in FEV(1) and 8-11.7% decrease in FVC), with no evidence of obstruc ve disease (FEV(1)/FVC >0.8).
BMI >30 or W/H >1 was associated with a restric ve effect on pulmonary ventilation.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2007 Aug;302(1-2):249-56. Epub 2007 Apr 20. Beneficial Effects of Ketogenic Diet in Obese Diabetic Subjects. Dashti HM, Mathew TC, Khadada M, Al-Mousawi M, Talib H, Asfar SK, Behbahani AI, Al-Zaid NS. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, 13110 Safat, Kuwait. info@drdashti.com
is found that effective management of body weight and changes to nutritional habits especially with regard to the carbohydrate content and glycemic index of the diet have beneficial effects in obese subjects with glucose intolerance. Previously we have shown that ketogenic diet is quite effective in reducing body weight. Furthermore, it favorably alters the cardiac risk factors even in hyperlipidemic obese subjects. In this study the effect of ketogenic diet in obese subjects with high blood glucose level is compared to those with normal blood glucose level for a period of 56 weeks.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 64 healthy obese subjects with body mass index (BMI) greater than 30, having high blood glucose level and those subjects with normal blood glucose level were selected in this study. The body weight, body mass index, blood glucose level, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, urea and creatinine were determined before and at 8, 16, 24, 48, and 56 weeks a er the administration of the ketogenic diet.
total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea showed a significant decrease from week 1 to week 56 (P < 0.0001), whereas the level
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of HDL-cholesterol increased significantly (P < 0.0001). Interes ngly these changes were more significant in subjects with high blood glucose level as compared to those with normal blood glucose level. The changes in the level of creatinine were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study shows the beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in obese diabetic subjects following its long-term administration. Furthermore, it demonstrates that in addition to its therapeutic value, low carbohydrate diet is safe to use for a longer period of time in obese diabetic subjects.
Acta Diabetol. 2007 Sep;44(3):106-13. Epub 2007 Aug 26. Maternal-Foetal Status of Copper, Iron, Molybdenum, Selenium and Zinc in Obese Gestational Diabetic Pregnancies. Al-Saleh E, Nandakumaran M, Al-Rashdan I, Al-Harmi J, Al-Shammari M. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait. rania@hsc.edu.kw Abstract Obesity is well known to be a contributory risk factor for several disease states, including diabetes mellitus. Paucity of data on maternal-foetal status of essential trace elements in obese diabetic pregnancies prompted us to undertake this study. Maternal venous and umbilical arterial and venous blood samples were collected from obese gestational diabetic patients (Body Mass Index (BMI) >30) and control obese pregnant women (BMI>30) at time of spontaneous delivery or caesarean sections and concentrations of essential trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Mo, Se and Zn were determined in various samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and total antioxidant (TAO) in maternal and umbilical blood were assessed using appropriate reagent kits. Maternal-foetal disposition and exchange parameters of elements studied were assessed using established criteria. Concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mo, Se and Zn in serum of control obese pregnant women (n=10) averaged 2404, 2663, 11.0, 89.0 and 666 microg/l respec vely, while in the obese diabe c group (n=11), the corresponding values averaged 2441, 2580, 13.3, 85.1 and 610 microg/l respec vely. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GPX and TAO were not significantly different in maternal veins of control and diabetic groups. 322
Varying differences were noted in the case of antioxidant enzyme activities in umbilical blood samples of control and study groups. We conclude that obesity is not associated with significant alterations in antioxidant enzyme status in gestational diabetes and only with relatively minor alterations in status of some essential trace elements.
Bulle n of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, 2007;43(3). Metabolic Syndrome among Adults Attending Obesity Clinics in Kuwait. Salah Al-Shaiji, Osama Fakher, Gamal Makboul Abstract OBJECTIVE: Was to determine the main characteristics of adults attending obesity clinics in Kuwait and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) among them
from 617 adults aged 15 years and over a ending two obesity clinics in primary health care centers during April - May 2007 in Kuwait. The metabolic variables analyzed were fasting blood glucose (FBS), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TG). In addition, measurements of obesity such as body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) as well as blood pressure were taken. Six hundred seventeen apparently healthy men and women were recruited for participation in this study. Weight, height, waist girth, and blood pressure were recorded using standard procedures. Blood samples were taken after an overnight fasting and analyzed.
selected clinics were suffering from obesity (74.2%). Abnormal physical and biochemical measurement were encountered among 86.5% of the par cipants for WC, 34.0% for diabetes, 63.5% for HDL, 25.6 for TG and 45.9% for high blood pressure. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 46.8%.. Comparing the main characteris cs of the MS and non-MS subjects showed significant differences in almost all the variables except for nationality and smoking. Female gender, increased age, obesity and sedentary life style were significantly associated with MS.
years and over. Low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, increased waist 323
circumference, and high blood pressure were the most prevalent associated factors in this study.
Med Princ Pract. 2007;16(2):110-3. Slippage after Adjustable Gastric Banding According to the Pars Flaccida and the Perigastric Approach. Khoursheed M, Al-Bader I, Mohammad AI, Soliman MO, Dashti H. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. khoursheed@hsc.edu.kw Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and the 'pars flaccida' techniques for treating morbidly obese patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between May 1999 and July 2002, 64 pa ents underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. The 'perigastric' technique was performed in the first 31 pa ents. From September 2000 the band was positioned according to the 'pars flaccida' technique in the remaining 33 pa ents. The pa ents were divided into three groups: group 1 - 'perigastric' technique using Lap-Band size 9.75 and 10 cm (31 pa ents); group 2 - 'pars flaccida' technique using Lap-Band size 10 cm (12 pa ents), and group 3 - 'pars flaccida' technique using the Swedish band (21 pa ents). There were 58 females and 6 males with a mean age of 36.6 years (range 17-56). The preopera ve mean body mass index was 46.2 kg/m(2). RESULTS: Band slippage occurred in 10/31 pa ents (32.2%) of group 1, 3/12 pa ents (25%) of group 2 and none in group 3 pa ents (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The 'pars flaccida' technique significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative slippage after gastric banding. This complication is further reduced in the Swedish band group. Furthermore, we do not recommend using the 10-cm Lap-Band in the 'pars flaccida' technique.
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Med Princ Pract. 2007;16(4):291-8. Weight Loss Attempts among Kuwaiti Adults Attending the Central Medical Nutrition Clinic. Al-Qaoud N, Prakash P, Jacob S. Ministry of Health, Food and Nutrition Administration, Kuwait. alqaoudnawal@yahoo.com Download 5.37 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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