Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Clin Biochem. 2010 Apr;43(6):549-52. Epub 2010 Feb 2. Study
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Clin Biochem. 2010 Apr;43(6):549-52. Epub 2010 Feb 2. Study of Tnfalpha -308G/A and IL6 -174G/C Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Risk in the Tunisian Population. Bouhaha R, Baroudi T, Ennafaa H, Vaillant E, Abid H, Sassi R, Vatin V, Froguel P, Gaaied AB, Meyre D, Vaxillaire M. Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia. rymab19@gmail.com
molecules : TNFalpha -308G/A and IL6 -174G/C in order to assess their effect on type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity in the Tunisian popula on.
and 300 healthy controls. Genotyping of IL6 -174G/C (rs1800795) was performed using Automated Dye Terminator Sequencing and of TNFalpha - 308G/A (rs1800629) using the LightTyper technology. RESULTS: SNPs IL6 -174G/C and TNFalpha -308G/A are associated neither with T2D (p=0.89, p=0.34 respec vely) nor with risk for overweight (p=0.86, p=0.12 respectively) in Tunisian population. Bonferroni correction showed that the founded associa on of IL6 -174G/C SNP with T2D suscep bility restricted to overweight pa ents (p(nominal)=0.03, p(corrected)=0.0033) is likely to be a random result. CONCLUSION: SNPs IL6 -174G/C and TNFalpha -308G/A are not major contributors to T2D or obesity risk in our Tunisian popula on. 638
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Feb;34(2):273-9. Epub 2009 Dec 15. Obesity-Induced Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Tunisian Women. Miâdi-Messaoud H, Chouchane A, Abderrazek E, Debbabi H, Zaouali-Ajina M, Tabka Z, Ben-Jebria A. Physiology and Func onal Tes ng Department 99/UR 08-67, Clinical Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia. hanene_as@yahoo.fr Abstract OBJECTIVE: It is now well recognized that obesity is a major public health concern, and its prevalence has tremendously increased worldwide over the last decades, including Tunisia. As obesity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of obesity on forearm skin blood flow (FSBF) response to acetylcholine (Ach), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, in Tunisian women over a wide range of body mass indices (BMIs).
34+/-6 years, an average height of 162+/-7 cm and an average weight of 78+/-19 kg par cipated in this inves ga on. The mean BMIs of the 60 lean, 50 overweight and 70 obese subjects were 22.1+/-0.3, 27.7+/-0.2 and 38.4+/-0.7 kg m(-2), respec vely.
Doppler flowmeter in response to local infusion of a cumulative dose of Ach.
significantly greater in lean (1168%+/-78) than in overweight (643%+/-38) and obese subjects (323%+/-18) (P=0.002; P<0.0001, respec vely), suggesting a reduction of the endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) release by obesity. Our regression analysis also revealed that the maximum FSBF response to Ach (that is, its efficacy) was inversely correlated with BMI, waist and hip circumferences (r=-0.994, P=0.002; r=-0.2, P<0.0001, and r=-0.321, P=0.001, respec vely). CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate a reduction of skin vasodilatory reserve in obese patients and suggest a defect of both endothelial- dependent relaxation and wall compliance associated with obesity.
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Nutrition. 2010 Jan;26(1):75-81. Dietary Intakes of Essential Nutrients among Arab and Berber Ethnic Groups on Rural Tunisian Island. Baroudi T, Maiz HB, Abid HK, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Alouane LT. Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, Tunis, Tunisia. Thourbar@yahoo.fr Abstract OBJECTIVE: The dietary intake was investigated and food sources were identified among Tunisian ethnic groups from Jerba Island in the south of Tunisia.
Berbers and 47 Arabs) aged 32 to 64 y completed a 1-mo qualitative food- frequency ques onnaire and a single 24-h dietary recall, and dietary intakes and demographic status were observed from 2006 to 2007. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was not significantly associated with Arab men compared with Berber men. Therefore, obesity was significantly associated with Berber women (P<0.001). Height was significantly different between Arab and Berber women (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in energy intake between men and women. Protein intake was not significantly different between ethnic groups. Milk and dairy products in the Berber group were significantly different from the Arab group. Intakes of calcium, zinc, iron, and folate were below recommended nutrient intakes in men and women in the two ethnic groups. Vitamin E intake was greater in Berbers than in Arabs (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Ethnicity was significantly associated with dietary intakes in the two ethnic groups of Jerba Island.
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Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2009 Dec;70(6):462-7. Epub 2009 Aug 15. Binge Eating Disorder and Obesity: Epidemiological, Clinical and Psychopathological Aspects. A Study of an Obese Population in Sfax (Tunisia). [Article in French] Ketata W, Aloulou J, Charfi N, Abid M, Amami O. Service de psychiatrie B, CHU Hedi-Chaker, Sfax, Tunisie. Abstract OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) in a population of obese patients, to appreciate the impact of obesity on BED through a comparison between the obese group and a control group, and to assess anxiety, depression and quality of life in obese patients with BED. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sec onal study including 60 obese pa ents and 60 controls. BED was diagnosed using the Binge Ea ng Scale. Quality of life was assessed by the Quality Of Life, Obesity and Dietetics Scale, and depression and anxiety symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
group (40% versus 8.3%; p < 0.001; OR = 3.5). The average score of BES was also higher (p < 0.001). Obese pa ents with BED were younger (p = 0.034). BED was correlated with an early onset of obesity (p = 0.01; OR = 1.12), depression (p = 0.002), anxiety (p = 0.008) and a poorer quality of life.
BED, which is correlated with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression and with a poorer quality of life.
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Clin Biochem. 2009 Nov;42(16-17):1642-7. Epub 2009 Sep 3. Gender-Specific Effect of Pro12Ala Polymorphism in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma-2 Gene on Obesity Risk and Leptin Levels in a Tunisian Population. Ben Ali S, Ben Yahia F, Sediri Y, Kallel A, Ftouhi B, Feki M, Elasmi M, Haj- Taieb S, Souheil O, Sanhagi H, Slimane H, Jemaa R, Kaabachi N. Research Laboratory LR99ES11, Biochemistry Department, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
Pro12Ala (rs1801282) polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma-2 (PPARgamma-2) gene on obesity or body mass index (BMI) and plasma leptin, insulin, adiponectin and lipid levels in a sample of the Tunisian population.
control subjects. The Pro12Ala genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by a digestion with the restriction of endonuclease BstUI. RESULTS: In the whole population, there is no significant difference in genotype frequencies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism between obese patients and controls. However, separate analysis by gender revealed that obese men (but not women) had significantly higher frequency of Pro/Ala genotypes compared to controls (12.2% vs. 4.1%; chi(2)=6.76, p=0.009). In comparison to Pro/Pro homozygotes, Ala-allele bearers had a significantly higher risk of obesity [OR (95% CI)=3.26 (1.28-8.33)]. When obese subjects were stra fied according to type 2 diabetes status, the associa on with obesity was only significant in obese non-diabe c pa ents [OR (95% CI)=3.74 (1.43-9.74), p=0.007]. Addi onally, obese male patients carrying the Ala-allele had significantly higher body mass index (p=0.007) and plasma lep n levels (p=0.023) compared to those homozygous for Pro- allele. The significant effect of Pro12Ala polymorphism on plasma lep n levels disappeared after adjustment for age and BMI. CONCLUSION: The present study provides evidence that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma-2 gene is associated with obesity in non- diabetic men from Tunisian origin.
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Clin Biochem. 2009 Jul;42(10-11):1169-73. Epub 2009 Mar 28. The G1057D Polymorphism of IRS-2 Gene Is Not Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Obese Pa ents among Ethnic Groups in Tunisian Population. Ouederni TB, Sanchez-Corona J, Flores Martinez SE, Ben Maiz H, Skhiri HA, Abid HK, Benammar-Elgaaied A. Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia. Thourbar@yahoo.fr Abstract BACKGROUND: Type 2 of diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder and results from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), one of the major substrates of the insulin receptor, has a crucial role in insulin signalling and in beta cell development and survival. While several polymorphisms have been identified in the IRS-2 gene, the associa on of the Gly1057Asp polymorphism with type 2 diabetes has been studied in European and Chinese populations, but the results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Gly1057Asp polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) gene among pa ents with type 2 diabetes in well defined ethnic groups from Djerba Island in Southeastern Tunisia. METHODS: The studied popula on (172 Arabs and 100 Berbers) includes 162 pa ents with type 2 diabetes and 110 healthy controls. BMI was calculated for each subject. The subjects were unrelated and randomly selected Arabs and Berbers were equally distributed between controls and diabe cs. The G1057D polymorphism of the IRS-2 gene was genotyped using PCR-RFLP assay. RESULTS: This case/control study indicated that frequency of the IRS-2 Gly1057Asp polymorphism was not significantly different between the healthy controls and type 2 diabe c groups, neither between healthy nor obese subjects, in both ethnic groups. Moreover, this polymorphism is present at a lower frequency in Djerbian than in neighbouring European populations. CONCLUSION: These results strongly argue against a major role of the Gly1057Asp IRS-2 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Djerbian subjects.
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Int J Cardiol. 2009 Jun 12;135(1):130-1. Epub 2008 May 20. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome among Urban Schoolchildren in Sousse, Tunisia. Harrabi I, Bouaouina M, Maatoug J, Gaha R, Ghannem H. Abstract No evidence exists regarding the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents in North African countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Tunisian adolescents. A representa ve sample of 1569 adolescents was enrolled. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 0.4% with no sta s cal difference according to sex (p > 0.05). Overweight/obesity was the most common component of the metabolic syndrome (13.7%). This informa on will be used to develop prevention programs by promoting healthy lifestyles in schools.
Clin Biochem. 2009 May;42(7-8):584-8. Epub 2008 Nov 13. Association of G-2548A LEP Polymorphism with Plasma Leptin Levels in Tunisian Obese Patients. Ben Ali S, Kallel A, Ftouhi B, Sediri Y, Feki M, Slimane H, Jemaa R, Kaabachi N. Biochemistry Department, Research Laboratory LR99ES11, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the association of the G- 2548A polymorphism of the human lep n gene (LEP) with body mass index (BMI), plasma leptin, insulin, and lipid parameters in a sample of Tunisian population. DESIGN AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty nine obese patients (BMI>or=30 kg/m(2)) were screened and compared to 251 normal weight subjects (BMI<25 kg/m(2)). The human lep n gene promoter G-2548A genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by a digestion with the restriction of endonuclease CfoI.
significantly lower leptin levels than homozygous for -2548G allele (14.28+/- 644
9.10 ng/mL vs. 18.27+/-12 ng/mL, p<0.001 respec vely) adjusted for BMI and gender. In obese patients but not control, subjects carrying the -2548A allele exhibited lower lep n levels than those with GG genotype (16.96+/- 8.27 ng/mL vs. 21.37+/-11.72 ng/mL, p=0.001 respec vely) adjusted for BMI and gender. In this group, carriership of the -2548A allele was identified, by multiple linear regression models, as significant independent predictor for leptin levels variability. Separate analyses by gender revealed that only in obese women, the -2548A allele was found to be associated with lower lep n levels independently of BMI (p=0.004).
is associated with lower leptin levels in Tunisian obese women
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2009 Apr;57(2):87-92. Epub 2009 Apr 3. Prevalence of Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Great Tunis Population Elasmi M, Feki M, Sanhaji H, Jemaa R, Haj Taeib S, Omar S, Mebazaa A, El Ati J, Hsairi M, Kaabachi N. Service de biochimie, hôpital La Rabta de Tunis , 1007 Jebbari, Tunis , Tunisie. monia_elasmi@yahoo.fr
main cardiovascular risk factors in the population of Great Tunis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sec onal study included 2483 individuals aged 35 to 70 years dwelling in the Great Tunis region, recruited between March 2004 and June 2005. The sample was weighted using the inverse of response rate according to governorate, district and sex. RESULTS: Obesity and abdominal obesity were observed respec vely in 34 and 48% of subjects. The prevalence of these two factors was par cularly elevated in females (46 and 69% respec vely). Hypertension was common (31%), especially in women (36%). Diabetes mellitus and dyslipemia were found in 15 and 21% of subjects, respectively, without difference according to sex. More than half of men and 8% of women were current smokers.
dramatically high in the population of Great Tunis. These findings predict a future expansion of cardiovascular diseases in this population. Profound
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changes of lifestyle and dietary habits of Tunisians are needed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Arch Med Res. 2009 Apr;40(3):186-90. Epub 2009 Apr 5. LEPR P.Q223R Polymorphism Influences Plasma Lep n Levels and Body Mass Index in Tunisian Obese Patients. Ben Ali S, Kallel A, Sediri Y, Ftouhi B, Feki M, Slimene H, Jemaa R, Kaabachi N. Biochemistry Department, Research Laboratory LR99ES11, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. Abstract BACKGROUND: The leptin receptor (LEPR) plays a crucial role in the regulation of body weight. Several common polymorphisms have been described in the human LEPR gene including the p.Q223R polymorphism (rs1137101). The associa on of this polymorphism with obesity or related metabolic phenotypes has been controversial. The aim of this study was to inves gate the impact of the LEPR p.Q223R polymorphism on body mass index (BMI), plasma leptin and lipid parameters in a sample of the Tunisian population. METHODS: The study included 391 obese pa ents and 302 normal weight subjects. LEPR p.Q223R genotypes were iden fied by the PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS: Obese patients homozygous for RR genotype showed lower leptin levels than those with other genotypes (p = 0.005) adjusted for age, BMI and gender. Stratified analysis by gender revealed that obese male patients carrying the R allele showed significantly lower BMI (p = 0.007) and lep n levels (p = 0.037) than subjects homozygous for the Q allele. In obese women, the LEPR p.Q223R polymorphism was found associated with lower lep n concentra ons (p = 0.05). A er adjustment for age and BMI, the association between the LEPR variant and plasma leptin remained significant only within female pa ents (p = 0.027). A general linear model including leptin as dependant variable and age, BMI, menopausal status and genotype as covariates revealed that the LEPR p.Q223R polymorphism is independently associated with leptin levels in obese women (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the LEPR p.Q223R polymorphism influences plasma leptin levels and BMI in obese patients.
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Obes Rev. 2009 Mar;10(2):145-53. Epub 2008 Nov 17. Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Socioeconomic Factors among Tunisian Women from Different Living Environments. Beltaïfa L, Traissac P, El Ati J, Lefèvre P, Romdhane HB, Delpeuch F. Institut National de Nutrition, Tunis, Tunisia.
Adult Tunisian women aged 20-59 (na onal random sample, n = 1849), were assessed with respect to environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with obesity (body mass index >or=30 kg m(-2)) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >or=88 cm). At the na onal level, prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity were, respec vely, 22.6% and 29.2%, but varied markedly (both P < 0.0001) among living environments classified as big ci es (30.2% and 36.6%), other ci es (25.9% and 32.4%), rural clustered (19.4% and 24.8%) and rural dispersed (9.5% and 16.5%). Adjusted prevalences of both types of obesity increased with age, parity and economic level of the household, while educationally, the risk was greatest in women with intermediate schooling. Differences between the four environments were accounted for by socioeconomic factors, mostly household wealth, except for most rural environment; socio-cultural factors were possibly influential. Observed differences between rural areas confirmed that finer measures of urbanization are necessary for the drivers of obesity prevalence at the national level. Obesity was still more prevalent in wealthy than in poor women, but given the high prevalence in all the environments, actions are needed at the national level before highly prevalent obesity extends into those of lower socioeconomic status and thereby increases health inequities.
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