Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Download 5.37 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
|
Abstract Aims To determine a range of anthropometric measurements including skinfold thickness measurements in four different areas of the body, to construct population growth charts for body mass index (BMI), skinfolds, and to compare these with growth charts from other countries. One aim was also to validate body fat charts derived from skinfold thickness. Methods A national cross-sec onal growth survey of children, 0-18 years old, was conducted using multistage stratified random sampling. The sample size included at least 200 children in each age-sex group. Height, weight, biceps skinfold, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, suprailiac skinfold, and mid-upper-arm circumference were measured in each child.
667
We describe correlation, standard deviation scores relative to the other standards, and calculation of body density in the United Arab Emirates population. We determined whether any of the above is a good indicator of fatness in children. Results BMI, upper-arm circumference, sum of four skinfolds, and percentage body fat charts were constructed using the LMS method of smoothing. BMI was very significantly correlated with sum of skinfold thicknesses, and mid-upper-arm circumference. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in ages 13-17 years was respec vely 9.94% and 15.16% in females and 6.08% and 14.16% in males. Derived body fat charts were found not to be accurate Conclusion A national BMI, upper-arm circumference, and sum of four skinfolds chart has been constructed that can be used as a reference standard for the United Arab Emirates. Sum of four skinfold thickness charts can be used as crude determinants of adiposity in children, but derived body fat charts were shown to be inaccurate.
J Trop Pediatr. 2010 Oct;56(5):325-8. Epub 2009 Dec 23. Metabolic Syndrome among the Young Obese in The United Arab Emirates. Eapen V, Mabrouk A, Yousef S. Infant, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia. v.eapen@unsw.edu.au Abstract Obesity is the sixth major risk factor for the overall burden of disease globally, and is associated with a constellation of metabolic derangements starting early in life. Features of metabolic syndrome (MS) were assessed among obese young individuals in the UAE. Of the 260 obese young people screened, 44% were found to have MS. Prevalence of MS was more among boys than girls and there was a significant association with a positive family history of obesity, diabetes or hypertension. Subjective report of psychological distress was found in 95%, and significant depressive symptoms were present among three-quarters of those with MS. The prevalence and magnitude of obesity and its sequelae including MS is increasing worldwide, and newly modernized countries are particularly at risk. Child health professionals must be aware of this and attempts should be made for early identification and necessary intervention including attention to psychological issues.
668
Asia Pac J Public Health. 2010 Jul;22(3 Suppl):60S-67S. Body Image, Health, and Modernity: Women's Perspectives and Experiences in The United Arab Emirates. Trainer SS. Zayed University, Dubai, UAE. Saraht1@email.arizona.edu
The countries of the Arab Gulf have experienced accelerated development and urbaniza on over the last 50 years. Changes in health have likewise been dramatic: Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the UAE now have some of the highest proportions of obese/overweight people in the world, with correspondingly high rates of chronic disease. In the UAE, particularly high rates of obesity/overweight have been reported among middle-aged Emirati women, but other problems relating to health and nutrition are starting to be identified in younger age groups as well. This article describes preliminary data from a project among young Emirati women in the UAE. This study examines how these women cope with the increased availability of fast food, changing work patterns, and evolving ideas about body image, "risk," and health within a larger context of increasing chronic disease and weight gain throughout the UAE.
Health Soc Care Community. 2010 Mar;18(2):219-28. Epub 2010 Jan 4. Barriers and Facilitators of Weight Management: Perspec ves of Arab Women at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Ali HI, Baynouna LM, Bernsen RM. Department of Nutrition & Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. habali@uaeu.ac.ae Abstract Obesity and associated chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, are highly prevalent in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This qualitative study explored weight management behaviours and perceptions of women who are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes through focus group interviews. A total of
669
75 Emira na onal women (age, 20-60 years) considered high risk for type 2 diabetes par cipated in eight focus groups. Purposive sampling was used to recruit women from primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in Al Ain, UAE. Qualitative research methodology involving a modified approach to grounded theory was used to guide data collection and analysis. Focus group interviews transcripts were thematically analyzed using NVivo software. A number of personal, social and physical environmental themes emerged as both barriers and enablers that are consistent with the social ecological model of health promotion. Low motivation, lack of social support, competing demands, lack of culturally-sensitive exercise facilities and sociocultural norms that restrict outdoor physical activities were the main barriers cited by the participants. On the other hand, social support, such as having other women to walk with, helped them stay physically active. Suggestions from the participants included enhancing social support for women, greater access to dietitians and nutrition information, and increasing availability of culturally-sensitive exercise facilities. This study provides valuable information in the development of culturally congruent healthy weight promo on programmes for women at risk for type 2 diabetes in the UAE and has implications for obesity intervention programmes for women in other Arabian Gulf countries.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2010 Feb;8(1):39-46. Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence, Dietary Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Profile among Overweight and Obese Adults 18-50 Years Old from The United Arab Emirates . Al-Sarraj T, Saadi H, Volek JS, Fernandez ML. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connec cut 06269, USA. Abstract BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is among the highest worldwide, and metabolic syndrome predisposes to diabetes. METHODS: We recruited 227 overweight/obese Emira adults living in the city of Al-Ain, Emirati of Abu Dhabi to screen for the metabolic syndrome and to assess for the most relevant criteria for the metabolic syndrome in this population. We identified subjects as having the metabolic syndrome if they had three of the following characteristics: Waist circumference (WC) >88 cm in women and >102 cm in men; plasma glucose >5.5 mmol/L; blood 670
pressure >130/85 mmHg, triglycerides (TG) >1.7 mmol/L, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <1.0 mmol/L in men and <1.3 mmol/L in women. In addition to features of metabolic syndrome, lipoprotein subfrac ons and 24-hour dietary recalls were assessed in a random sample of participants.
syndrome. The most relevant clinical criteria associated with metabolic syndrome were large WC, high blood pressure, and low HDL-C. Only 7% of subjects had TG >1.7 mmol/L, whereas 95% had plasma LDL-C >2.6 mmol/L. In addition, subjects presented low concentrations of medium very-low- density lipoprotein (VLDL) and small HDL subfractions in agreement with low concentrations of HDL-C and TG. Dietary analysis revealed high-energy consumption, with diets high in total carbohydrates, fat, and simple sugars. In addi on, subjects were sedentary with only 14% of the popula on engaged in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight/obese Emirati adults predisposes this population to increased risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Public health involvement targeting poor dietary habits and exercise programs among Emirati citizens is urgently needed.
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(7):679-86. Overweight and Obesity in Pregnancy Do Not Adversely Affect Neonatal Outcomes: New Evidence. Narchi H, Skinner A. Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab
Emirates University, Al Ain,
United Arab
Emirates. hassibnarchi@hotmail.com Abstract We studied neonatal outcomes of infants of obese mothers in a cohort of 6,125 deliveries, using logis c mul variate analysis to remove the role of potential confounding variables. Although, as in previous reports, the crude unadjusted prevalence of several adverse neonatal outcomes was higher in these infants, the multivariable analysis revealed that only two outcomes remained significantly associated with maternal overweight and obesity: neonatal macrosomia (adjusted odds ra os aOR 1.4, p < 0.001) and meconium aspira on syndrome (aOR 1.6, p = 0.05), indica ng that the
671
unadjusted association with the other outcomes was caused by confounding factors. Nonetheless, as macrosomia is associated with increased health risks both to the mothers and their infants, and maternal obesity with considerable maternal morbidity during pregnancy, these results should not lead to complacency, but instead encourage better prevention of obesity in general and during pregnancy in particular.
Rev Diabet Stud. 2009 Winter;6(4):271-8. Epub 2009 Dec 30. Physical Activity and Reported Barriers to Activity among Type 2 Diabe c Pa ents in The United Arab Emirates. Al-Kaabi J, Al-Maskari F, Saadi H, Afandi B, Parkar H, Nagelkerke N. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, United Arab Emirates. Abstract OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the physical activity practice among type 2 diabe c pa ents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS: This is a cross-sec onal study of type 2 diabe c pa ents who participated in the outpatient clinics in Al-Ain District, during 2006. The patients completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and measurements of blood pressure, body mass index, body fat, abdominal circumference, glycemic control (HbA1c), and fas ng lipid profile.
their physical ac vity levels following the diagnosis of diabetes, and only 3% reported physical activity levels that meet the recommended guidelines. More than half of the study subjects had uncontrolled hypertension (53%) and unacceptable lipid profiles; 71% had a high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), 73% had low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and 59% had hypertriglyceridemia. Forty-four percent were obese and a further 34% were overweight. Abdominal obesity was also common (59%). Only 32% had an acceptable glycemic control.
the UAE is largely inadequate to meet the recommended level necessary to prevent or ameliorate diabetic complications. Interventions aiming at overcoming the barriers to physical activity are urgently needed.
672
Nutr Hosp. 2009 Jul-Aug;24(4):437-44. Dietary Habits Associated with Obesity among Adolescents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. bin Zaal AA, Musaiger AO, D'Souza R. Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Dubai, UAE.
factors with the increased risk of obesity amongst adolescents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
(324 boys and 337 girls) aged 12 to 17 years selected by means of a multistage stratified random sampling technique.
age in boys (30.5%) and at 13 years of age in girls (35.4%). There was a significant association between the frequency of eating breakfast (P =0.048), snacking between breakfast and lunch (P = 0.044), and obesity in girls but not in boys. A high risk of obesity was associated with eating breakfast at school in both boys (OR = 3.0; CI 1.1-8.3) and girls (OR = 3.4; CI 1.6-7.4). Fast foods showed a significant associa on with obesity in girls (P = 0.007), but not in boys (P = 0.745). The risk of obesity was higher in boys who ate fast foods at home (OR = 1.3; CI 0.5-3.2) but less in girls (OR = 0.2; CI 0.1-1.0). CONCLUSION: Intervention programs focused on promoting changes in lifestyles, food habits and increasing physical activity need to be implemented at the earliest.
673
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011 Jul 1;5(4):1005-8. Nanotechnology in Elevation of the Worldwide Impact of Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases: Potential Roles in Human Health and Disease. Eldaw A. Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Current worldwide data show epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes with no real solutions apart from continuous calls to changing lifestyle and food habits. Despite health messages that are communicated by health authorities, the epidemic is growing. More people are affected with health consequences that are usually frightening as more resources are wasted, especially in areas where health care and resources are lacking. Nanotechnology applications in food industry present practical approaches that help produce more tasty food with little calories, functional foods, and nutritional supplements and alter the fats and sugar contents of our foods with potential for many more applications. Consequently, this opens more windows to better control of many nutritional deficiencies as well as obesity and type 2 diabetes, especially among children and young adults who are addicted to fast food. With such potential, food producers, policy makers, health authorities, food scientists, and governments need to collaborate and make all possible efforts to fund and support research in different areas of food produced using nanotechnology. So far, consumers are not prepared to accept food produced using nanotechnology, mainly because information on the safety of such products are not enough. This issue needs to be addressed and researched well using suitable risk assessment methodologies. Consumers need to be assured, and involved as well, to avoid the "refusal state" that still exists against many safe products such as genetically modified organisms and irradiated food. There is the possibility that consumers could perceive that they will bear the potential risks posed by nanotechnology applications while the benefits will accrue mainly to others, such as food processors or farmers.
674
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2009;60 Suppl 3:26-33. Epub 2008 Oct 22. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adult Females in The United Arab Emirates. Sheikh-Ismail LI, Henry CJ, Lightowler HJ, Aldhaheri AS, Masuadi E, Al Hourani HM. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. layla.sheikh@gmail.com
The purpose of this present study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adult females in the United Arab Emirates. A total number of 724 females, age 20-90 years, were recruited from the seven Emirates. The sample was divided into three age groups, 20 to <30 years, 30 to <60 years and >60 years. Height, weight and mid-upper-arm circumference were measured in each subject. Overweight and obesity were defined as a body mass index of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and >30 kg/m2, respec vely. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 27% and 16%, respec vely. The age group between 30 and <60 years had the highest prevalence of overweight (33%) and obesity (24%). In conclusion, the findings from our study suggest that a high proportion of adult females in the United Arab Emirates are overweight and obese. The consequences of this are a serious concern for public health and need to be addressed.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2009 Feb;7(1):17-22. Analysis of the Relationship of Leptin, High-Sensitivity C- Reactive Protein, Adiponectin, Insulin, and Uric Acid to Metabolic Syndrome in Lean, Overweight, and Obese Young Females. Abdullah AR, Hasan HA, Raigangar VL. College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Abstract OBJECTIVE: Over the last decade there has been a steady rise in obesity and co-morbidity, but little is known about the rate of metabolic dysfunction among young adults in the United Arab Emirates. Various factors have been implicated as biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this 675
study was to analyze the relationships of leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, insulin, and uric acid to the metabolic syndrome components in lean, overweight, and obese young females.
females, who were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) into three groups: lean ( obese (>or=30). Es mated biomarkers were: lep n, insulin, adiponec n, high-sensitivity [hs]-CRP, uric acid, blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG). Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were also measured. RESULTS: Serum leptin, hs-CRP, insulin, and uric acid increased significantly (p < 0.01) with increased BMI. Only one significant correla on (p < 0.05) between the biomarkers and the metabolic syndrome components was found in lean subjects (leptin vs. waist circumference r = 0.48) as opposed to six in the obese group (hs-CRP vs. waist circumference and systolic blood pressure [SBP], r = 0.45 and r = -0.41, respec vely; insulin vs. diastolic blood pressure [DBP], r = 0.47; adiponec n vs. blood sugar, r = -0.44; and uric acid vs. waist circumference and TG, r = 0.5 and r = 0.51, respec vely). CONCLUSION: Estimation of the levels of studied biomarkers could be an important tool for early detection of metabolic syndrome before the appearance of its frank components. Uric acid seems to be the most reliable biomarker to identify obese subjects with metabolic syndrome.
Int Q Community Health Educ. 2008-2009;29(2):143-59. Barriers to Weight Management among Emirati Women: A Qualitative Investigation of Health Professionals' Perspectives. Ali HI, Bernsen RM, Baynouna LM. College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE. habAli@uaeu.ac.ae Abstract Obesity and associated chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes are highly prevalent in the United Arab Emirates. This qualitative study explored weight management barriers for Emirati women and strategies that can facilitate their weight management efforts. In-depth individual interviews
676
were conducted with a purposive sample of 29 primary health care physicians, dietitians, and nurses in Al Ain and Abu Dhabi medical districts. A modified grounded theory was used to guide data collection and analysis. Interview notes were analyzed thematically and inductively using the NVivo software. The three main emerging themes were barriers, motivators, and suggestions. A number of personal, health care system-related, social and physical barriers to weight management were identified. Participants' suggestions to facilitate weight management for Emirati women included: health awareness programs, policies that support lifestyle changes, and provision of the necessary resources. They recommended peer support and culturally-acceptable programs that provide a holistic approach to obesity prevention and management. This study has useful applications in the development of community-based interventions for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity among women in the United Arab Emirates.
J Crit Care. 2008 Sep;23(3):434-40. Health Effects of Soda Drinking in Adolescent Girls in The United Arab Emirates. Mahmood M, Saleh A, Al-Alawi F, Ahmed F. First year medical students, Dubai Medical College for Girls, Dubai, UAE.
communities about the harmful effects associated with carbonated soft drinks. In several observational studies, intake of carbonated beverages was associated with reduced bone mass, decreased calcium level in the blood, and increased fracture risk. Soda drinks is a contributing factor in the prevalence and incidence of both dental caries and obesity especially among adolescents and young adults so they are more likely to be diagnosed as diabetic. OBJECTIVES: This study aims at studying the prevalence of soda drinking among adolescent girls and discovering its health effects.
677
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed, and a multistage random sample was performed in schools and colleges in Dubai. A total of 275 students were selected. A self-administrative questionnaire was distributed and blood, and urine samples were collected. Anthropometric measures and laboratory investigations (lipid profile, renal function, and blood and urine electrolytes) were done. RESULTS: Age range was 10 to 22 years, with mean of 16.2 years. Prevalence of soda drinking was 81.8%. About half of the ever-drinkers (47.5%) have tried to quit drinking. There was no significant difference in body mass index between drinkers and nondrinkers (chi(2) = 2.1, P > .05). The concentration of blood sodium was less in drinkers, whereas the concentrations of urea and creatinine were not affected by drinking. There was no significant difference in blood calcium between drinkers and non drinkers (P > .05). Drinkers were associated with higher risk of increased calcium and phosphorus excre on in urine (odds ra o, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-3.3). CONCLUSION: Soda drinking was associated with higher risk of obesity and decreasing level of blood calcium and increasing urinary calcium excretion, which may lead to osteoporosis later in life. Soda drinking did not have any effect on renal function tests in our study group.
Rev Diabet Stud. 2008 Summer;5(2):110-5. Epub 2008 Aug 10. Assessment of Dietary Practice among Diabetic Patients in The United Arab Emirates. Al-Kaabi J, Al-Maskari F, Saadi H, Afandi B, Parkar H, Nagelkerke N. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess dietary practices and risk profile (hypertension, obesity, lipid profile and glycemic control) among people with diabetes in Al-Ain District, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
patients attending diabetic outpatient clinics at Tawam Hospital and primary health care centers in Al-Ain District. Subjects completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire, blood pressure, body mass index, percentage body fat and abdominal circumference were measured and
678
recorded and the most recent HbA1c levels and fas ng lipid profile were identified. RESULTS: A sample of 409 diabe c pa ents was recruited, 50% of whom were illiterate. Only 24% read food labeling. 76% reported being unable to distinguish clearly between low and high carbohydrate index food items and no one reported counting calorie intake. 46% reported that they had never been seen by dietician since their diagnosis. Their overall risk profile, notably body weight, lipid profile and blood pressure, was very unfavorable; more than half of the study sample had uncontrolled hypertension and uncontrolled lipid profile and the majority was overweight (36%) or obese (45%). Abdominal obesity was particularly common (59%). Only 31% had an HbA1c of less than 7%. CONCLUSIONS: The dietary practices of diabetic patients in the UAE are inadequate and need improvement.
Obes Rev. 2007 Jan;8(1):15-20. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Children in The United Arab Emirates. Malik M, Bakir A. Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolism, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. mahdi.malik@nuth.northy.nhs.uk Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Secondary analysis was undertaken of data on 4381 children aged 5-17 years from the 1999 UAE-National Iodine Deficiency Surveillance Study. Data on weight and height from that study were used to calculate body mass index. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated using International Obesity Task Force criteria. Overall, 944 (21.5%) of children were overweight and 601 (13.7%) of these were obese. More girls than boys were overweight (22.9% vs. 20.2%; P < or = 0.001). Non-citizen girls were more likely to be obese (odds ra os [OR] 1.767, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.48-2.102) than UAE girls. Boys in the rural areas had the lowest prevalence (23.6%) and were the least likely of all the children to be either overweight (OR 0.785, 95% CI 0.629-0.974) or obese 0.732 (95% CI 0.591- 0.912). This study demonstrates a high prevalence of overweight in children in the UAE. Prompt actions are needed to initiate preventative and interventionist strategies to reverse the trend of this emerging epidemic.
679
Ann Hum Biol. 2005 Jan-Feb;32(1):72-9. Childhood Obesity in United Arab Emirates Schoolchildren: A National Study. Al-Haddad FH, Little BB, Abdul Ghafoor AG. Cardiology Department Saif Bin Ghubash Hospital Ras Al-Khaimah United Arab Emirates. falhaddad39@hotmail.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: The study assessed the national prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). SUBJECTS: A stra fied 10% random sample of 16,391 children was drawn from 145,492 pupils in the UAE. METHODS: Height and weight were measured by physicians and trained nurses, and the body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) was computed. BMIs for UAE were compared to recently published international standards. RESULTS: Comparison of BMIs to international reference data revealed that UAE children are at increased risk for overweight (>25 kg m-2 and =30 kg m- 2) and obesity (=30 kg m-2). For example, 10-year-old male UAE children had 1.7 mes the rate of overweight compared to interna onal standards and 1.9 mes at 18 years. Similarly, female UAE children have 1.8 mes the rate of overweight compared to interna onal standards at 10 and 18 years of age. Obesity was 2.3-fold higher among UAE males at 14 years compared to interna onal standards, and increased to 3.6 mes at 18 years of age. Among UAE female children, obesity was same as males at 14 years, 2.3 mes than the interna onal standards. At 18 years of age, UAE female obesity was 1.9-fold higher than the international standard, nearly one-half the rate of obesity among UAE males at the same age. CONCLUSION: The frequency of obesity among UAE youth is two to three times greater than the recently published international standard. Profound public health implications of childhood obesity for UAE children and young adults are seriously increased because of adult chronic disease processes (e.g. cardiovascular disease, diabetes) normally attendant to increased obesity rates.
680
Am J Hum Biol. 2004 May-Jun;16(3):346-53. Physical Activity and Levels of Inactivity in Adolescent Females Ages 11-16 Years in The United Arab Emirates. Henry CJ, Lightowler HJ, Al-Hourani HM. Nutrition and Food Science Group, School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom. jhenry@brookes.ac.uk
The purpose of this study was to investigate patterns of physical activity and levels of inactivity in adolescent females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 58 adolescent females, age 11-16 years, were recruited from two female-only governmental schools in Abu-Dhabi. Subjects were divided into two groups: 11-13 years (n = 22) and 14-16 years (n = 36). Physical activity pa erns were determined from a 3-day activity diary. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was estimated using a factorial approach. The amount of physical activity was expressed as the physical activity level (PAL) and the activity-related energy expenditure (AEE). The number of hours spent watching television was estimated from the activity diaries. There were no significant differences in the energy expenditure parameters between age groups or between schooldays and weekends. PAL was low in both age groups. Television was the predominant leisure time pursuit. The number of hours per day spent watching television (median and interquar le range) was 2.5 (2.3-3.1) in 11-13 years and 2.5 (2.3-2.8) in 14- 16 years. Television-watching was significantly higher during the weekend than schooldays: 11-13 years (P = 0.006) and 14-16 years (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the amount of physical activity undertaken by adolescent females in the UAE was very low. Cultural and weather restrictions and social change of the community in the UAE are not conducive to physical activity and play a major role in levels of physical inactivity. This may explain, in part, the rise in the incidence of obesity in this population.
681
J Health Popul Nutr. 2004 Mar;22(1):75-83. Assessment of Obesity, Lifestyle, and Reproductive Health Needs of Female Citizens of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. Carter AO, Saadi HF, Reed RL, Dunn EV. School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados. annecarter@uwichill.edu.bb Abstract This study was conducted to determine the reproductive and lifestyle characteris cs in a representa ve sample (n = 535) of women in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, to guide the development of health programmes for this population with rising affluence. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using the stratified two-stage sampling technique. Although most women were young, were pre-menopausal, did not smoke, reported good health status, and 84% (95% confidence interval [CI] 81-87%) reported being sufficiently active to meet expert recommendations, the prevalence of obesity (defined by body mass index > or = 30) was very high (35%; 95% CI 31-39%) and many (28%; 95% CI 24-32%) reported having a chronic disease. The prevalence of obesity was associated positively with age and nega vely with educa on (p < 0.001 for both). Postmenopausal women had significantly more chronic diseases, reported poor health more often, were less physically ac ve (p < 0.001 for all), and had a higher percentage of body fat (p = 0.002) compared to premenopausal women. Health services should emphasize the prevention and treatment of obesity and improving the general health status of postmenopausal women.
Am J Hum Biol. 2003 Nov-Dec;15(6):758-64. Prevalence of Overweight among Adolescent Females in The United Arab Emirates. Al-Hourani HM, Henry CJ, Lightowler HJ. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight in adolescent females in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A total of 898 females, ages 11-18 years, were recruited from five of the seven Emirates 682
with the highest resident Emirati population. Height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and mid-upper-arm circumference were measured in each subject. Reference data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were used for comparison. At risk for overweight or overweight were defined as a body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) >or=85-95th percen le and >or=95th percen le, respec vely. Mean values for BMI and TSF at all ages were higher than the 50th percentile (median) of the NHANES reference data. Using the BMI classifica on, 14% and 9% of all subjects were classified as at risk for overweight or overweight, respectively. The proportion of subjects at risk for overweight ranged between 7-19% and the prevalence of overweight ranged between 6-15%. The propor on of subjects with a BMI >or=85 percen le ranged from 15% at age 17 years to 33% at age 11 years. Furthermore, 27% and 28% of subjects ages 11 and 12 years, respec vely, were above the TSF 90th percen le. These two age groups also showed a high prevalence of overweight using the BMI classification. In conclusion, the findings from our study suggest that a high proportion of adolescent females in the UAE are overweight or at risk for overweight. The consequences of this are a serious concern for public health and need to be addressed.
Coll Antropol. 2003 Jun;27(1):95-104. Obesity and Low Back Pain. Bener A, Alwash R, Gaber T, Lovasz G. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UAE University, UAE.
Abstract Obesity and low back pain (LBP) are common health problems among patients attending Primary Health Care (PHC) in general practice at the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective of this study was to determine whether obesity is associated with low back pain. A cross-sectional face-to- face interview questionnaire survey was conducted. The questionnaire was a modified version of the Roland-Morris Scale for evaluating back disability. The interviews were conducted in Arabic by qualified nurses. A multi-stage stratified sample 1,103 UAE na onal aged 25-65 years, who a ended PHC clinics for any reason, were invited to par cipate but only 802 subjects were eligible to be included for the statistical analysis. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate sta s cal methods. Of the 802 683
subjects, 428 (53.4%) were males and 374 (46.6%) were females. The mean age of the males was 40.5 +/- 11.5 years and females was 38.2 +/- 10.5 years (p = 0.004). The mean BMI of the males was 26.4 +/- 7.4 and females was 27.8 +/- 5.6 (p = 0.002). The overall prevalence of LBP in the present study was 64.9% (95% confidence interval, 61.0-68.8) and respec vely, 56.1% in males and 73.8% in females. The results revealed that there was association between BMI and some socio-demographic variables with the respect of with low back pain. Back pain had more influence on the life style habits on females than in males. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that only age (p < 0.0001), educa onal level (p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.002), place of living (p = 0.019), BMI (p < 0.0001), and housing condi on (p = 0.02) had significant effect on the presence of LBP in pa ents. The present study showed that obesity is moderately associated with low back pain.
Nutri on & Food Science,2003; 33(4):145 – 147 Lifestyle Factors Associated with Obesity among Male University Students in The United Arab Emirates Author(s): A.O. Musaiger, (A.O. Musaiger is Director of the Environmental and Biological Programme, Bahrain Center for Studies and Research, Manama, Bahrain.), O.L. Lloyd, (O.L. Lloyd is Professor of Community Health, in the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.), S.M. Al- Neyadi, (S.M. Al-Neyadi is a General Practitioner, in the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.), A.B. Bener, (A.B. Bener is Professor of Biostatistics in the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.) Citation: A.O. Musaiger, O.L. Lloyd, S.M. Al-Neyadi, A.B. Bener, (2003) "Lifestyle factors associated with obesity among male university students in the United Arab Emirates", Nutri on & Food Science, Vol. 33 Iss: 4, pp.145 – 147
Abstract:
A cross-sec onal survey of 300 male university students (18-25 years) in the United Arab Emirates was carried out to study the relationship between obesity and some lifestyle factors. Obesity was determined using body mass index (weight/height2), with cut-off of <25 and =25, to represent non-obese
684
and obese students, respectively. The overall prevalence of obesity was 35.7 per cent, which was higher than their counterpart female students. The risk of obesity was found to be greater among those who had a family history of obesity (rela ve risk, RR=1.88), watched television for more than four hours a day (RR=1.31), were smokers (RR=1.35), were not prac sing sport (RR=1.77) and had a car (RR=1.23). However, only family history of obesity was found to be statistically significant. The study suggests that social and lifestyle factors are important factors for the occurrence of obesity among male university students.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2001 May;73(2):101-7. Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Morbid Obesity. Kumari AS. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. srinathk@emirates.net.ae Abstract OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of morbid obesity defined as a first trimester maternal body mass index of >40 on the perinatal outcome. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-eight singleton pregnancies of women with first trimester BMI >40 who delivered at Al-Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi during 1996-1998 were studied. A control group of normal body mass index matched for age and parity were selected and the perinatal variables were compared between groups. Morbidly obese women with diabetes and hypertension antedating the index pregnancy were later excluded and the data were re-analyzed.
perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (28.8 vs. 2.9%, P<0.0001), gesta onal diabetes (24.5 vs. 2.2%, P<0.0001), cesarean sec on (15.2 vs. 9.3%, P<0.05) and macrosomia (32.6 vs. 9.3%, P<0.001) compared to non-obese women. However, we noted a significantly lower rate of prematurity in the obese group (0.5 vs. 5.3%, P<0.001). Even when morbidly obese women with (a) diabetes and hypertension antedating the index pregnancy and (b) those who developed gestational diabetes and/or pregnancy-induced hypertension during the index pregnancy were excluded from the analysis, significant differences in the perinatal outcomes still persisted.
adverse perinatal outcome. 685
Am J Hum Biol. 2000 Jul;12(4):498-502. Prevalence of Obesity among School Children in The United Arab Emirates. Al-Haddad F, Al-Nuaimi Y, Little BB, Thabit M. Saif Bin Ghubash Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates, using the body mass index (BMI) as the indicator. The sample included 1,787 males and 2,288 females 6-16 years. Physicians and trained nurses measured height and weight, and the BMI (kg/m(2)) was calculated. The 50(th) cen le of the BMI was not different from that for the US. Similarly, the height and weight of UAE children approximate the US reference data. About 8% of UAE boys and girls have BMI's >/=95(th) percen le of US reference values. Using the 85(th) percen le as the criterion, 16.5% and 16.9% of males and females, respectively, are classified as overweight. This composite figure does not differ from the expected 15% based on reference data. The data thus indicate that high levels of obesity are present among UAE children and adolescents. These findings have public health implications for this generation of UAE youth during their adult years, including heart disease and diabetes, because the rate of morbid obesity is approximately twice that expected in reference data. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:498-502, 2000.
686
YEMEN East Mediterr Health J. 2008 Jan-Feb;14(1):42-56. Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in A Semirural Area in Yemen. Gunaid AA, Assabri AM. Abstract The study determined the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, abnormal glucose tolerance and other cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of 250 adults aged > or = 35 years in a semirural area near Sana'a, the capital of Yemen,. The overall crude prevalence of diabetes was 10.4% (95% CI: 6.6%-14.2%) and the age-standardized rate was 6.3% (95% CI: 5.4%-7.2%). The age- standardized rate of having either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.0%-12.0%) and the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 14.2% (95% CI: 13.0%-16.0%). Age and waist circumference were independently related to total glucose intolerance. The observed high frequency of central obesity suggests a dietary origin for these adverse health conditions. Ann Nutr Metab. 2005 Sep-Oct;49(5):342-5. Epub 2005 Aug 22. Overweight and Obesity among Schoolchildren in Sana'a City, Yemen. Raja'a YA, Bin Mohanna MA. Abstract AIM: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Sana'a City (Yemen) and to examine the association with lifestyle and some socioeconomic factors.
Sana'a City during 2002-2003. We selected 1,253 students by the mul stage random sampling technique. Weights and heights were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI = weight/height2). Data about age, sex, education level of the parents, food consumption and lifestyle was also collected. 687
RESULTS: The mean age of the children was 12.6 +/- 2 years. Overweight was 6.2% and obesity was 1.8%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among private schoolchildren (p<000), females (p = 0.002), children with a sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.001) and children with a family history of obesity (p = 0.013). Also there is a posi ve associa on of overweight/obesity with the educa on level of the parents (p = 0.013 for the father and p = 0.19 for the mother) and consump on of unhealthy foods.
CONCLUSION: Prevalence of overweight and obesity is low and positively associated with the education level of the father, private schooling, sedentary lifestyle, and with students who took unhealthy meals.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004 Sep;65(3):275-81. Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Yemen: Prevalence Associated Metabolic Changes and Risk Factors. Al-Habori M, Al-Mamari M, Al-Meeri A. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and identify the metabolic abnormalities and risk factors associated with these conditions in an urban city of Yemen. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study inves ga ng 498 adults (245 males and 253 females) aged 25-65 years. The 1999 modified World Health Organiza on criteria were adopted for the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and IGT. A standard questionnaire was applied and blood lipids, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were determined. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of type II Diabetes Mellitus was 4.6% (7.4% in males and 2% in females). Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fas ng glucose (IFG) were found in 2% and 2.2% of the study population. Factors independently related to any abnormality in glucose tolerance, using logistic regression analysis, were sex, hyperlipidaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hypertension; whereas sex and age related to DM. More than 80% of the type II diabe cs were over the age of 40, 35% being hyperlipidaemic, 22% being hypertensive and 18% obese. Sixty percent of IGT subjects were hyperlipidaemic and 20% were obese.
688
Approximately 78% of obese individuals (>/=30 kg/m(2)) had normal glucose tolerance. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of type II DM and its potential increase reflected by the high prevalence of obesity in normal glucose tolerance subjects in the Yemeni population constitutes a major public health problem.
689
GENERAL J R Soc Med Sh Rep July 2011 vol. 2 no. 7 55 Prevalences of Overweight, Obesity, Hyperglycaemia, Hypertension and Dyslipidaemia in the Gulf: Systematic Review Layla Alhyas1⇓, Ailsa McKay1, Anjali Balasanthiran2, Azeem Majeed1 1Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK 2Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK Correspondence to: Layla Alhyas. Email: l.alhyas08@imperial.ac.uk Abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of risk factors for diabetes and its complications in the Co-operation Council of the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) region.
(United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait). Download 5.37 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
|