Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- Syria
- Adolescent Obesity in Syria: Prevalence and Associated Factors.
- Abstract BACKGROUND
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- Comapring the Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Health Status in the First Population -Based Survey in Syria
- The G3057A LEPR Polymorphism is Associated with Obesity in Tunisian Women.
- Abstract OBJECTIVES
- Clinicopathological Characteristics of Obesity-Associated Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.
- Six-Minute Walk Test Improved Forearm Skin Blood Flow in Tunisian Obese Women.
- Metabolic Syndrome in Tunisian Psoriatic Patients: Prevalence and Determinants.
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SYRIA Int J Public Health. 2011 Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print] Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adults in Aleppo, Syria. Al Ali R, Rastam S, Fouad FM, Mzayek F, Maziak W. Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria, radwan@scts-sy.org.
assessment of the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Syria, where such data are still scarce.
(popula on >2.5 million), involving 1,168 subjects ≥25 years old (47.7% men; mean age 44.7 ± 12.7 years). Information about socio-demographics, personal behavior, and other CVD risk factors was collected. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were obtained.
for hypertension, 43.2% for obesity, 21.9% for hypercholesterolemia and 15.6% for diabetes. The prevalence of behavioral risk factors (BehRFs) was 82.3% for physical inac vity, 39.0% for smoking, and 33.4% for unhealthy diet. All ClinRFs increased with age, while gender was associated only with obesity and smoking. Education was associated with obesity and diabetes (P < 0.05 for all).
of CVD risk factors. Unhealthy behaviors and social norms unfavorable to women may explain some of such risk profiles.
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Child Care Health Dev. 2010 May;36(3):404-13. Epub 2009 Nov 30. Adolescent Obesity in Syria: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Nasreddine L, Mehio-Sibai A, Mrayati M, Adra N, Hwalla N. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, American University of Beirut, Lebanon. Abstract BACKGROUND: Data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Eastern Mediterranean countries remain scarce, particularly for children and adolescents. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of obesity and examine associated factors and covariates amongst school adolescents in Syria.
adolescents (386 males and 390 females), aged 15-18 years, was conducted in six randomly chosen secondary schools in Damascus, the capital city of Syria. Anthropometric measurements and dietary assessment data were collected using standard methods and techniques. Overweight and obesity were defined according to World Health Organiza on 2007 child growth standards.
at 18.9 and 8.6%, respec vely. Carbohydrate and saturated fa y acid intakes were significantly higher amongst overweight and obese (250.66 and 32.82 g/day, respec vely) as compared with normal weight adolescents (218.12 and 26.10 g/day, respec vely). Regression analysis showed that the likelihood of obesity was significantly greater amongst adolescent boys than girls (OR = 2.30, P < 0.05) and amongst subjects repor ng family history of obesity (OR = 2.98, P < 0.05). The odds of obesity increased consistently with increasing educational attainment of both parents and was higher (OR = 1.63) amongst adolescents repor ng lower crowding index than their counterparts.
socio-economic status measured by parental education and crowding index call for intervention strategies for the promotion of healthy dietary practices not only amongst school adolescents but also parents, targeting families as the unit of intervention. Further studies are needed to examine nutritional habits and food choices amongst families of different socio- economic strata.
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Saudi Med J. 2007 Dec;28(12):1890-4. Serum Resistin Levels in Syrian Obese Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Al-Sari IE, Al-Quobaili FA, Kabalan YM. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, PO Box 6735, Syria. i-sarry@hotmail.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine serum resistin levels in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II. METHODS: We studied 87 subjects in an sec onal study, divided into 3 groups: obese, obese diabetic and normal subjects. Their age, gender and body mass index were recorded. Serum resistin, insulin, glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, triglyceride, urea and creatinine were measured.
7.32 +/- 3.74 ug/ml versus 4.25 +/- 1.77 ug/ml in the control group (p=0.021). Intro-group comparison of obese subjects (diabetics versus non- diabetics) revealed higher levels of resistin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoproteins in diabetic subjects, but no statistically significant difference of high density lipoproteins. Furthermore, resistin correlated significantly and posi vely with body mass index (r = 0.375; p<0.05), resis n correlated significantly and nega vely with high-density lipoproteins (r = -0. 363; p<0.05).
type 2 diabetes compared with controls. Resistin appears to be a possible link between obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Prev Control. 2006 Jun;2(2):85-94. Prevalence of Obesity and its Associated Factors in Aleppo, Syria. Fouad M, Rastam S, Ward K, Maziak W. Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity and its related adverse health effects have become major public health problems in developing countries. It has been increasing more rapidly in low-income and transitional than in industrialized countries. This study aims to provide the first population-based estimates of the prevalence of obesity in Aleppo, Syria, and to examine its association with a number of risk factors in the adult population. METHODS: An interviewer-administered survey of adults 18-65 years of age, residing in Aleppo, Syria was conducted in 2004, involving a representa ve sample of 2038 par cipants (54.8% female, mean age 35.3+/-12.1, age range 18-65 years) with a response rate of 86%. Demographic factors and anthropometric measurements were obtained for all participants. The main outcome was prevalence of obesity which was defined as BMI>/= 30 kg/m(2).
men (46.3% and 28.4% respec vely). It increased with age being highest in the 46-65 year-old age group. Obesity was highest among Arabs (40.1%), the unemployed (49.8%), illiterate (50.4%), married (44%) especially women with multiparity, low socio-economic status(45.4%), and those with a low physical ac vity score (40.3%). Obesity was seen among 48.2% of ex- smokers, 39.3% of non-users of alcohol and 57.5% of par cipants treated for depression. An association was observed between obesity and an increasing frequency intake of certain food items. Among women, an association was observed between obesity and the number of births. CONCLUSION: Our data show that obesity is a major health problem in Aleppo, Syria especially among women. It is related to age, marital status, and consumption of certain food items and it shows a significant prevalence among women with repeated pregnancies.
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The 13th World Conference on Tobacco OR Health, Building capacity for a tobacco-free world, July 12-15, 2006, Washington, DC, USA. July 13, 2006 ;3-190.
Fouad M.Fouad, M.D 1 , Samer Rastam 1 , Wasim Maziak, M.D., Ph.D. 2 , and
Kenneth D. Ward, PhD 3 . (1) Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS), Shihan St., Aleppo, Syria, (2) Syrian Center For Tobacco Studies, Shihan Street, Syrian society against cancer, Aleppo, Syria, (3) Health & Sport Sciences, and Center for Community Health, University of Memphis, 633 Normal Street, Memphis, TN 38152 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Smoking and obesity are highly prevalent in Syria and are considered to be the most urgent public health problems. The aim of this paper is to compare the effects of smoking and obesity on health status based on the first population-based survey conducted in Syria. METHODS: In 2004, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults residing in Aleppo-Syria involving 2038 par cipants, (54.8% female, mean age 35.3+12.1, age range 18-65 years, response rate 86%). Demographic factors and anthropometric measurements were obtained for all participants, as well as self-reported health/disability and smoking status. The main dependent variable was health status measured by a count of thirteen common chronic health conditions and health-related quality of life measured by physical health scale. RESULTS: Current smoking was found among 40.1% of par cipants (60.2% men, 23.% women), while obesity was found among 38.2% of the par cipants (men 28.3%, women 46.3%). Obesity (p<.001) but not current smoking (p=.10) was significantly related to the number of chronic diseases. Similarly, obesity (p<.001) but not current smoking (p=.33) was related to health-related quality of life. In conclusion, although smoking may still account for more premature death, obesity appears to have a stronger association with the occurrence of chronic medical conditions and reduced health-related quality of life in Syria.
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Tunisia Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2011 Aug 26. [Epub ahead of print] Association between Eight Adiponectin Polymorphisms, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Tunisian Volunteers. Boumaiza I, Omezzine A, Rejeb J, Rebhi L, Rejeb NB, Nabli N, Abdelaziz AB, Bouslama A. 1 Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital , Sousse, Tunisia . Abstract BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is a plasma protein produced by the adipose tissue, with insulin sensibility, antiinflammatory and antiatherogenic properties. Many adiponectin gene polymorphisms have been described, and their implication in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases was controversial. Our aim was to study the relationship between eight adiponectin polymorphisms (-1391G/A, -1377C/G, 4522C/T, 395 G/A, 276G/T, 639C/T, 45T/G, and +2019delA), metabolic syndrome parameters, and the risk of obesity in Tunisian volunteers. METHODS: We have recruited 169 nonobese [sex ra o=0.594, mean age 43.25±13.12 years; mean body mass index (BMI) 24.73±3.50 kg/m(2)] and 160 obese (BMI≥30 kg/m(2)) (sex ra o=0.221, mean age 48.41±10.92 years; mean BMI 36.6±4.8 kg/m(2)). Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Glucose, insulin, and lipids were measured. BMI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.
+2019delA seem to contribute to obesity. In fact, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of obesity associated with mutated genotypes of each polymorphism were, respec vely: OR=0.64, P=0.039; OR=1.85, P=0.018; OR=1.68, P=0.044; OR=1.77, P=0.038; and OR=1.94, P=0.010). Mutated genotypes at 639 C/T were associated with higher waist circumference, BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In addi on, the 11391AA genotype was associated with increased BMI. Concerning 2019delA, the delAdelA genotype was associated with increased HOMA-IR and BMI, suggesting a possible effect of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on insulin resistance parameters. Mutated genotypes at 276G/T were associated with lower serum insulin concentration and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. 615
The other genotypes showed no association with metabolic syndrome parameters. CONCLUSION: Adiponectin gene polymorphisms were associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome parameters in Tunisian volunteers.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011 Aug;21(8):591-6. Epub 2010 Mar 20. The G3057A LEPR Polymorphism is Associated with Obesity in Tunisian Women. Ben Ali S, Sediri Y, Kallel A, Ftouhi B, Haj-Taib S, Omar S, Sanhaji H, Feki M, Elasmi M, Slimene H, Jemaa R, Kaabachi N. Research Laboratory LR99ES11, Biochemistry Department, Rabta University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.
(rs62589000) LEPR polymorphism on obesity risk and plasma leptin, insulin, and lipid levels in a sample of the Tunisian population.
and 317 controls par cipated in this study. The G3057A genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS: In the entire study sample, no significant differences in genotype frequencies were observed between obese patients and controls. However, stratified analysis by gender revealed a quantitative increase in the variant allele (33.3% vs. 25.8%; χ(2)=4.90, p=0.026) in obese women (but not men) compared to controls. When a dominant model of inheritance was assumed, the GA+AA genotypes were more prevalent in these obese female pa ents than in controls (58.3% vs. 47.8%; χ(2)=4.08, p=0.044). Unconditional logistic regression showed that in women only, obesity risk was significantly higher for homozygotes for the variant allele (OR=2.73, 95% CI 1.03-7.21) and for carriers of GA+AA genotypes (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.01-2.31) compared with homozygotes for the normal allele. The associa on between the G3057A LEPR variant and obesity remained statistically significant even after adjustment for age. No relationship was found between the G3057A LEPR polymorphism and lep n and insulin levels. Additionally, this LEPR gene variant had no effect on plasma lipid concentrations. 616
CONCLUSION: There is evidence in this study that the G3057A LEPR polymorphism is associated with obesity in Tunisian women.
Ultrastruct Pathol. 2011 Aug;35(4):176-82. Epub 2011 Jun 9. Clinicopathological Characteristics of Obesity-Associated Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Darouich S, Goucha R, Jaafoura MH, Zekri S, Ben Maiz H, Kheder A. Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia. Abstract Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a secondary form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) occurring in obese patients with a body-mass index higher than 30 kg/m(2). It is typically manifested by nephrotic-range proteinuria without full nephrotic syndrome, and progressive renal insufficiency. Characteristic morphologic features include the consistent presence of glomerulomegaly, predominance of perihilar variant of FSGS, and the relatively mild fusion of visceral epithelial cell foot processes. The concept of podocyte depletion as a driver of the glomerular scarring in obesity-associated FSGS is well documented. The underlying mechanisms are likely to be related in part to the oxidative stress and the impairment of the integrity of the slit diaphragm and cell adhesion resulting mainly from angiotensin II and transforming growth factor-β. These proapoptotic cytokines are upregulated in obesity in response to insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia and glomerular hyperfiltration- hypertension mediated mechanical stress. This review is designed to discuss the clinicopathologic features of obesity-associated FSGS, with a focus on the podocyte injury, which is involved in the onset and progression of the glomerulosclerotic process. Ultrastructural glomerular lesions are documented.
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Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jun 30. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.174. [Epub ahead of print] Six-Minute Walk Test Improved Forearm Skin Blood Flow in Tunisian Obese Women. Miâdi-Messaoud H, Chouchane A, Ben Saad H, Debbabi H, Ben-Jebria A, Tabka Z. Clinical Laboratory of Physiology, Medical School of Sousse, Department of Physiology, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
The purpose of this study was to inves gate whether 6-min walk test (6MWT) would improve the forearm skin blood flow (FSBF) response to acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, in Tunisian women over a wide range of BMI. The FSBF was measured noninvasively using a laser Doppler flowmeter in response to local infusion of a cumula ve dose of ACh, before and a er the 6MWT for 102 healthy women; the results were expressed as percentage of baseline. The 6MWT was monitored and recorded. The mean response of FSBF to ACh was significantly greater before as well as after the 6MWT in lean (1,235 ± 123% vs. 1,644 ± 140%) than in overweight (630 ± 62% vs. 1,080 ± 66%) and obese subjects (402 ± 38% vs. 795 ± 40%) (P < 0.0001). Our regression analysis also revealed that the maximal FSBF response to ACh (i.e., its efficacy) was inversely correlated with BMI both before as well as after the 6MWT (r = -0.828, P < 0.0001; r = -0.859, P < 0.0001, respec vely), and the efficacies of ACh in the three groups were all significantly elevated following the 6MWT (P < 0.0001). As indicated by ANOVA test, the 6MWT improved the FSBF responses of the lean, overweight, and obese subjects, by 33, 71, and 98%, respec vely. We confirm that obesity induced a reduction of skin vasodilatory reserve and altered both endothelial- dependent relaxation and wall compliance. However, our new data clearly demonstrated that the 6MWT not only improved significantly the FSBF responses in the three groups of women, but the obese patients appeared to benefit more from the 6MWT than the overweight and the lean subjects.
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J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011 Jun;25(6):705-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1468- 3083.2010.03856.x. Epub 2010 Oct 3. Metabolic Syndrome in Tunisian Psoriatic Patients: Prevalence and Determinants. Mebazaa A, El Asmi M, Zidi W, Zayani Y, Cheikh Rouhou R, El Ounifi S, Kanoun F, Mokni M, Osman AB, Feki M, Slimane H, Mebazaa A, Kaabachi N. Departments of Dermatology Biochemistry Endocrinology, Rabta hospital, Tunis, Tunisia. amebazaa@yahoo.fr
metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been frequently reported. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to specify the main factors that determine the MetS in psoriatic Tunisian patients. METHODS: A case-control study has included 164 psoria c pa ents and 216 controls. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was higher in cases than in controls but without sta s cal differences [35.5% vs. 30.8%, odds ra o (OR): 1.39 CI: 0.88-2.18; P=0.095]. According to gender, the prevalence of MetS was significantly increased only in psoria c women (47.4% vs. 30%, OR: 1.89, CI: 1.11-3.21; P=0.01). A mul ple logis c regression, considering the effect of age, and gender, showed that the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in cases than in controls (OR: 1.73, CI: 1.06-2.82; P=0.03). MetS components analysed seperately showed a significantly higher prevalence of decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) (60.9% vs. 35.9%, OR: 2.77, CI: 1.8-4.27, P<0.001) and for increased hypertension (50% vs. 40%, OR: 1.48, CI: 0.97-2.257, P=0.04) in psoria c pa ents. According to gender, HDLc was significantly decreased in both genders (male: OR: 2.075, CI: 1.24-3.47, P=0.004; female: OR: 3.58, CI: 2.07-6.19, P<0.0001), while hypertension was increased only in psoria c men (OR: 2.09, CI: 1.24-3.51, P=0.004) and abdominal obesity only in psoria c women (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.30- 4.11, P=0.002). Download 5.37 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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