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Modul arithmetic
Cryptography aa sonni bb songa bўlgandagy koldik rr ga teng bўlsa, u ҳolda kuyidagicha belgilanadi: aaaaaaaabb≡rr.
- Dusturlash tillarida esa aaabb kabi belgilanadi.
Cryptography modul sifatida (ya'ni, bўluvchi) faqat tub sonlardan foydalanish talab etiladi.
Ya'ni, aa aaaaaa nn tenglikdaghi nn ҳar doim tub bўlishi talab etiladi.
Misollar:
7𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚 ≡(𝑚∗2)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚+1𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡0+1≡1
14𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚 ≡(𝑚∗4)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚+2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡0+2≡2
2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡(0∗𝑚)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚+2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡2
5𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎7≡5
• −2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎5≡(−2+5)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎5≡𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎5≡𝑚
• −7𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡(−7+𝑚)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡−4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡(−4+𝑚)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡
1𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡(−1+𝑚)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑚≡2
Modul arithmetic
• 𝟑𝟑-1 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎≡1/33 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎≡?
Ushbu muammoni echishda Euclidning kengaitirilgan algorithmidan foydalanish mumkin.
Agar aa−1aaaaaann≡bb bўlsa,u ҳolda (aa∗bb)aaaaaann≡1 tenglik ўrinli bўladi.
• 𝑚1𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎7 ≡ 𝑥𝑥
7 = 𝑚 ∗ 2 + 1
• 𝑚 = 1 ∗ 𝑚 + 0
Demak, 1 sony 3 va 7 sonlari uchun ECUB bўladi.
Ohirgi tenglikdan boshlab kuyidagicha teskari amalga oshiriladi:
1=7−𝑚∗2=7+(−2∗𝑚)=7∗1+(−2∗𝑚)
Modul arithmetic
Tenglikni ikki tomonini modulga (aaaaaa7) olinadi: ((7∗1)aaaaaa7+(−2∗m)aaaaaa7)aaaaaa7≡1aaaaaa 7
Yoki
(−2∗𝑚)𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎7≡1𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎7≡1
Ushbu tenglikni (m∗xx)aaaaaa7≡1 hectares
xx=−2 ha tengligini yoki −2aaaaaa7=5 ligani topish mumkin.
Ya'ni, (m∗5)aaaaa7≡1 tenglik ўrinli.
RSA algorithms.
RSA ochiq kalitli cipherlash algorithms mualliflar bўlgan uchta olimlar, Rivest, Shamir va Adleman, sharafiga қўyilgan.
RSA algorithms katta sonlarni factorlash muammosiga asoslanadi.
RSA algorithmida kuyidagi zharayonlar mavzhud:
Kalitni generationalash;
Ciphrlash;
- Decipher.

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