O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy

Ishning borish tartibi:

1.Operatsion tizim misolida 3 ta o’lchov bo’yicha tahlil qilamiz

Sinataktik jihatdan:Bo’limlardan,menyulardan,oynalardan,matnli,raqmamli, grafikli axboratlarni o’zida jamlaydi va qayta ishlaydi.

Semantik jihatdan:Foydalanuvchi va kompyuter o’rtasida muloqat o’rnatadi.Berilgan buyruqlarga ko’ra ammalar bajaradi.

Pragmatik jihatdan:Microsoft kompanyasini mahsuloti xavfsizlik jihatdan ximoyalangan,foydalanuvchilar uchun qiymatga ega.

Topshiriqlar:

1.Har bir talaba mustaqil tarzda ixtiyoriy turdagi axborotni oladi uning qayta ishlash usullarini ko’rsatadi.

2.Olingan axborotni 3 jixati bo’yicha tasniflab beradi.

Tajriba ishi № 3

Mavzu: Matnli, ovozli, va grafik axborotlar o’lchovlari.

Ishdan maqsad:Turli xildagi axborotlarni o’lchov birliklarini va ularning ifodalanishlarini o’rganish.

Kerakli jihozlar: Kompyuter,proyektor,tashqi xotira qurilmalari,tarmoq qurilmalari.

Nazariy qism:

Turli xodisali axborotlar o‘lchash uchun ko‘rinishdagi K.Shyennon formulasidan foydalaniladi. Bunda I – axborot o‘lchovi, N – mumkin bo‘lgan hodisalar soni, r_i – har bir hodisa ehtimolligi.

Bir xil hodisali axborotlarni o‘lchashning asosiy formulasi Ralf Xartli tomonidan 1928 yili taklif qilingan bo‘lib, u axborotni o‘lchashdagi ilmiy asoslangan formulasi hisoblanadi. m ta harfdan tashkil topgan alfavit yordamida axborot tuzish talab qilingan bo‘lsin. Turli xildagi axborotlar tuzish soni N=mⁿ ga teng bo‘ladi. Bunda N – turli ko‘rinishdagi axborotlarning maksimal soni, m – alfavitdagi belgilar soni, n – axborotdagi belgilar soni.

Masalan, ikkita «A» va «V» xarflaridan tashkil topgan alfavit yordamida uzunligi 3 ta belgidan iborat ma’lumotlar soni 8 taga teng bo‘ladi. Chunki, m=2, n=3 ga teng bo‘lib, INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/d/0/4/d0438f7b6961549666550e9db5ff907b.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET ta turli axborotni hosil qilishimiz mumkin. Ya’ni «AAA», «AAV», «AVA», «AVV», «VAA», «VAV», «VVA», «VVV» boshqa variantlar yo‘q. 

Xartli formulasi I=log₂N=nlog₂m yoki N=2^I ko‘rinishida aniqlanadi. Bunda I - axborot miqdori, bit.

Ikkili sonning razryadlari soniga ko‘ra kodlash variantlari sonining bog‘liqligi quyidagi jadvallarda berilgan

I=log2N formulasiga ko‘ra 1 dan 64 gacha bo‘lgan sonlarning logarifmlari jadvali
I	log2N	I	log2N	I	log2N	I	log2N
1	0	17	4,08746	33	5,04439	49	5,61471
2	1	18	4,16993	34	5,08746	50	5,64386
3	1,58496	19	4,24793	35	5,12928	51	5,67243
4	2	20	4,32193	36	5,16993	52	5,70044
5	2,32193	21	4,39232	37	5,20945	53	5,72792
6	2,58496	22	4,45943	38	5,24793	54	5,75489
7	2,80735	23	4,52356	39	5,28540	55	5,78136
8	3	24	4,58496	40	5,32193	56	5,80735
9	3,16993	25	4,64386	41	5,35755	57	5,83289
10	3,32193	26	4,70044	42	5,39232	58	5,85798
11	3,45943	27	4,75489	43	5,42626	59	5,88264
12	3,58496	28	4,80735	44	5,45943	60	5,90689
13	3,70044	29	4,85798	45	5,49185	61	5,93074
14	3,80735	30	4,90689	46	5,52356	62	5,95420
15	3,90689	31	4,95420	47	5,55459	63	5,97728
16	4	32	5	48	5,58496	64	6

N=2^I formulasiga ko‘ra bitlarga nisbatan variantlar sonini hisoblash jadvali
Bitlar soni	Variantlar soni (2^I)	Bitlar soni	Variantlar soni (2^I)
1	2	9	512
2	4	10	1024
3	8	11	2048
4	16	12	4096
5	32	13	8192
6	64	14	16384
7	128	15	32768
8	256	16	65536

Ishning borish tartibi: 1-masala. ASCII kodlash tizimida 28800 bit/s tezlikga ega bo‘lgan modem 30 ta satrli va har bir satrida 60 tadan belgi bo‘lgan 100 betli matnni necha sekundda uzata oladi?

YEchish. ASCII kodlashda har bir belgi 1 bayt, ya’ni 8 bit hajmga ega bo‘ladi. U holda axborot hajmi 100 ∙ 30 ∙ 60 ∙ 8 = 1 440 000 bitga teng bo‘ladi.

Demak axborotni uzatish uchun modemga sekund vaqt kerak bo‘lar ekan.