O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti viloyat to’xsanova

PRAKCTICALFOLK ART 
Modern applied art develops in two directions: 
1. Crafts include jewelry in Bukhara, carpet weaving in Khiva, and ceramics in 
Rishtan. 
2. Folk craft. This is mostly the work of self-employed craftsmen. 
In the first line, decorative items are produced in large quantities, and the 
number of individual craftsmen is limited. This leads to their perfection. There 
are also businesses such as furniture, knitting and embroidery. 
Products related to the first direction are manufactured in large quantities at 
the enterprises, and the same products manufactured separately by artisans are 
made individually, in some cases in a single copy. Such enterprises can also 
include furniture manufacturing enterprises, blacksmith workshops (here mainly 
production of knives), enterprises for sewing national ornaments and patterns of 
Suzane. Suzane is a bedspread or cloth on which a pattern of national ornament 
is applied and applied to the seam product patterns chestnut (Kashta - from the 
Persian pattern, ie, the application of patterns on the fabric by drawing on the 
matter of patterns, a type of hand-embroidery). 
The art of folk applied decoration exists in almost all the peoples of the world, 
and they differ from each other in genres, which are also characterized by 
material, shape, color, pattern, size and methods of manufacturing products. 
One of the characteristic features of the art of folk applied decoration is 
that, for a thousand years, the methods used by folk craftsmen have been artistic 
traditions. An important role here is played by social conditions, nature, 
environment and weather of the place where one or another people lives. Since 
each master receives his inspiration from the world and nature around him, he 
perceives beauty based on the identity of the people and their moral principles. 
For example: Uzbek folk artists depict a stallion, peacock, lamb, and masters of 
the northern peoples depict deer. The material for the peoples of the East, in 
particular, the Uzbek masters is ganch (ganch is one of the varieties of limestone 
and gypsum), chasing (here we mean copper or bronze chasing with brass), 
wood, and northern craftsmen use wood and bones of large animals. As 
mentioned earlier, the coloring of a work of art is also affected by natural and 
climatic conditions. For example, masters of northern peoples use mostly cold 
colors, while Uzbek masters use warm shades and colors. Thus, each nation 
formed folk traditions, the art of folk applied decoration. 
One of the common types of art in our republic is the art of folk-applied 
decoration. It can be found in all sectors of the social life of people like - in 
dishes, on clothes, household goods, national toys and much more. 

---

154 
The art of folk-applied decoration serves as a means of decorating the social and 
living conditions of people, they surround themselves directly everywhere, 
whether it is a park or the facade of a building, a beautiful repair with a national 
ornament and color, or an item of decoration serving as an element of decor and 
beauty. The products of this art are made directly from the demand and supply 
coming from national consumption and are connected with the content of the use 
of the product, all this fills the art with quality and content. In the art of applied 
decoration, phenomena and objects existing in life and nature are reflected, for 
example; trees and flowers, animals and birds, episodes from life or natural 
phenomena, etc. However, they do not have a separate meaning, they only 
become attached to a separate object or product and make up the form and 
content and serve only to decorate this object or decoration. Objects of applied 
art are created as a fantasy of a free author, is a product of his idea of beauty and 
serves as an object of decoration. For example, carved columns and arches of 
buildings, carved patterns on the facades and internal walls of houses, colored 
patterns or drawings as a piece of decor, carved gates and doors, and much 
more. 
Applied art has been formed since ancient times, and developed in the form of 
folk art, grew into one of the forms of art, developed over the centuries and 
turned into an integral part of the life of a person. 
In the works of applied art of the Uzbek people, most cases can be seen mainly 
in wide-open flowers, blooming gardens. Since, since ancient times, in 
conditions without a water desert and a long arid hot climate, the Uzbek people 
appreciated water and sought to turn the desert into a blossoming paradise. 
Along with works of art of applied decoration, such as wood carving and pottery 
of the Uzbek people, fabric items like satin, adras (one of the varieties of silk 
fabric), snipe (one of the varieties of silk fabric differs only in structure and 
pattern design) chestnut (Kashta - from Persian drawing, that is drawing patterns 
on fabric, one of the types of hand embroidery) found their worthy place and 
respect among the peoples of the world. 
One of the most common types of applied art is a cashmere or, as colloquially 
called, a kashtilik (which means the art of hand-embroidered kashta). Products 
made by hand embroidery with their ornaments resemble, as mentioned above, 
flowering gardens and wide-open flowers. Therefore, when we carefully 
examine the products of this type of art, we will be able to see not only widely 
blooming flowers and blooming gardens, but also birds singing on tree branches, 
images of animals and people. 
Central Asia in particular, Uzbekistan is considered one of the oldest cultural 
centers. The ancient cities of Bukhara and Samarkand are one of the centers of 
ancient culture. Suzanne made in these cities are distinguished by the color of 
their colors and variety of shapes, subtlety and elegance of embroidery. 
Embroidery products made in Shakhrisabz, whether it is a chestnut or a suzan, 
more closely resemble a carpet in its ornament. Dorpechi (Dorpech - means 

---

155 
embroidery products that are hung on the walls and decorate the interior of the 
house) were mainly hung on the internal walls of the house by pulling special 
ropes and used the decoration of the interior of the house as a form. The lower