O‘zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o‘rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi toshkent moliya instituti shadmanbekova Kamola Amaliy ingliz tili fanidan mustaqil ta’limni tashkil etish bo‘yicha

Task 4. Writing

Benefits of economic development

Write your own opinion (about 150-200 words)


Task 5. Presentation
Make a presentation (8-12 slides) on the topic: “Industries”


SELF STUDY 19
Task 1. Vocabulary
Exercise 1. Write the term that best matches each numbered definition
inflation
demand
supply
competition
factors of production

1. 
   The natural resources, labor, capital goods, and entrepreneurship that go into producing goods and services.
   
2. 
   A period of increased spending that causes a rapid rise in prices.
   
3. 
   The contest among businesses to win customers.
   
4. 
   The amount or quantity of goods and services consumers is willing and able to buy at various prices.
   
5. 
   The account or quantity of goods and services that producers will provide at various prices.
   

Exercise 2.Match the sentence halves.

1 We're trying to break into 2 You should carry out 3 If you would like to place 4 If you can't meet 5 They've quoted 6 Let us know if you want us to arrange 7 It's essential to comply with

a) all regulations if you want the delivery to go through without problems. b) the delivery date, let us know as soon as possible. c) insurance cover for the shipment. d) a market survey before you make a major investment. e) the Japanese market. f) an order, press one now. g) us a very good price for the consignment.

Task 2. Reading
Government Spending
Our society needs highways and schools to operate effectively and efficiently. Through their elected officials, people in a democ­racy make known their social wants that government should help to satisfy. The public welfare, or well-being of society, is the "busi­ness" of government. Government operates or runs with taxes paid by the people.
You can look at it this way. A part of your income goes for taxes to buy public goods and services. The rest of your income you use to buy goods and services in the marketplace.
For most public goods and services, the consumer is not charged a fee covering the full cost of the item. As examples, parents do not have to pay tuition to send their children to schools.
The charges for public health services generally are far below costs. Government uses taxes from all the people to make up the difference between actual costs and what users pay.
There are a number of reasons why government provides goods and services. Running courts, making and enforcing laws, and pro­viding for the security of our nation are services that government should provide. These services are part of the governing process. They would be impossible for business to provide.
Government provides some services simply because business has found them to be unprofitable. For instance, the government has taken over passenger rail service in many parts of the country.
Sometimes people want the government, rather than a business, to provide a service because it is more convenient and because
the use of the service won't be limited.
A transfer payment is money received by people who are not currently producing goods or services in exchange for it.
Transfer payments are made for retirement, disability, health and hospital expenses for the elderly, unemployment benefits, and assistance to families when the wage-earner has died large area of government spending is for defense.
Another large part of the federal budget goes tо pay the interest on The national, or public, debt. The national debt is the total of all loans made to the federal government by individuals or groups of individuals. For instance, you can buy a Treasury note or a bond. In effect, you are lending money to the federal government for its oper­ations.