O’zbekistоn respublikasi оliy va o’rta maxsus ta`lim vazirligi

LECTURE №2
The role of science "Tribology" in the national economy.


Tribology is the science of friction and its accompanying processes and phenomena.
Among the most important processes is wear, i.e. destruction of surface layers of materials during friction. The following figures speak of the importance of the problem of tribology: friction losses account for up to 30% of the energy consumed in the world, and the cost of eliminating premature wear of machines reaches 2% of the gross national product of industrialized countries. Thus, according to the most recent data of the International Committee for Tribology, the savings from the use of achievements in the field of tribology in China amount to 41.5 billion US dollars annually.
As a result of wear, the power of internal combustion engines decreases, the degree of pollution of the environment with exhaust gases increases by 25-30%, the consumption of fuels and lubricants increases, the leakage of oils, toxic and explosive products through seals and seals increases, the control of transport vehicles deteriorates, accuracy and cleanliness decrease. processing of products on metal-cutting machines, the timing of harvesting is stretched, etc. Wear and tear often becomes the cause of emergency destruction. Jamming or jamming of parts often leads to accidents and even disasters.
The problems of tribology are important in railway transport, especially for the operation of the wheel and rail; they have always been and remain an acute problem in aviation and road transport. Tribology plays a crucial role in many technological processes. It is important for the operation of the reading head and hard disk of computers, for video and audio equipment, and for many products of military equipment. Tribology plays an important role in the design, manufacture and operation of equipment for the energy, gas and oil industries.
Of great humanitarian importance are developments related to the creation of artificial human organs, in which the problems of tribology play a primary role.