O‘zbekiston respublikasi sog‘liqni saqlash vazirligi toshkent farmatsevtika instituti fizika, matematika va axborot texnologiyalari kafedrasi fizika fanidan farmatsiya fakulteti farmatsiya va sanoat farmatsiya fakultetlari yo`nalishlari

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Wave-Particle Duality:
The idea that light (and indeed all matter and energy) is both a wave and a particle, and that sometimes it behaves like a wave and sometimes it behaves like a particle. It is a central concept ofquantum theory.

Weak Nuclear Force:
Also known as the weak interaction, it is one of the forces experienced by protons and neutrons in thenucleus of an atom, the other being the strong nuclear force. It is one of the four fundamental forces of physics (along with the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force). It is called the weak force because it is about 10¹³ times weaker than the strong nuclear force and 10¹¹times weaker than the electromagnetic force, and it is also very short range in its effect.
The weak interaction is mediated by the exchange of heavy elementary particles known as W and Z bosons. It is responsible for radioactive beta decay (as it converts neutrons into protons) and for the production of neutrinos.

White Hole:
The theoretical time reversal of a black hole, which arises as a valid solution in general relativity. While a black hole acts as a vacuum, drawing in any matter that crosses its event horizon, a white hole acts as a source that ejects matter from its event horizon.

Wormhole:

A hypothetical “tunnel” through space-time that connects widely distant regions, thus providing a kind of short-cut throughspace-time. Although there is no observational evidence for wormholes, they are known to be valid solutions under theGeneral Theory of Relativity.