Heavy Industry

Heavy Industry

Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); or complex or numerous processes. Because of those factors, heavy industry involves higher capital intensity than light industry does, and it is also often more heavily cyclical in investment and employment. Though important to economic development and industrialization of economies, heavy industry can also have significant negative side effects: both local communities and workers frequently encounter health risks, heavy industries tend to produce byproducts that both pollute the air and water, and the industrial supply chain is often involved in other environmental justice issues from mining and transportation. Because of their intensity, heavy industries are also significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change, and certain parts of the industries, especially high-heat processes used in metal working and cement production, are hard to decarbonize. Industrial activities such as mining also results in pollution of heavy metals. Heavy metals are very damaging to the environment because they cannot be chemically degraded.

Many East Asian countries relied on heavy industry as key parts of their development strategies and many still do for economic growth. This reliance on heavy industry is typically a matter of government economic policy. Among Japanese and Korean firms with "heavy industry" in their names, many are also manufacturers of aerospace products and defense contractors to their respective countries' governments such as Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Fuji Heavy Industries, and Korea's Hyundai Rotem, a joint project of Hyundai Heavy Industries and Daewoo Heavy Industries.
In 20th-century communist states, the planning of the economy often focused on heavy industry as an area for large investments (at the expense of investing in the greater production of in-demand consumer goods), even to the extent of painful opportunity costs on the production–possibility frontier (classically, "lots of guns and not enough butter"). This was motivated by fears of failing to maintain military parity with foreign capitalist powers. For example, the Soviet Union's industrialization in the 1930s, with heavy industry as the favored emphasis, sought to bring its ability to produce trucks, tanks, artillery, aircraft, and warships up to a level that would make the country a great power. China under Mao Zedong pursued a similar strategy, eventually culminating in the Great Leap Forward of 1958–1960; an unsuccessful attempt to rapidly industrialize and collectivize, that lead to the largest famine in human history, killing up to 50 million people, whilst simultaneously severely depleting the production of agricultural products and not increasing the output of usable-quality industrial goods.
Industrial activities such as the improper disposal of radioactive material, burning coal and fossil fuels, and releasing liquid waste into the environment contribute to the pollution of water, air, and wildlife. In regards to water pollution, when waste is disposed of in the environment, it affects the quality of the available water supply which has a negative impact on the ecosystem along with water supply used by farms for irrigation which in turn affects our crops. Heavy metal concentrations can become deadly once they pass certain thresholds, which lead to plant poisoning. Heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic form dust fall particles and are harmful to the human body, with the latter two being carcinogens. Soil contamination also occurs as a result of heavy industry when those heavy metals sink into the ground contaminating the crops that reside among it. Long-term or short-term exposure of children to industry-based air pollution can cause several adverse effects, such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and even death. Children are also more susceptible to air pollution detriments than adults.
Heavy metals have also been shown to pollute soil, deteriorating arable land quality and adversely impacting food safety (such as vegetables or grain). As a result of pollution, the toxic chemicals released into the atmosphere also contributes to global warming due to the increase of radiation absorbed. Heavy metals can affect many levels of the ecosystem through bioaccumulation. Plants can pick up these metals from the soil and begin the metal transfer to higher levels of the food chain, and eventually reaching humans. Humans and many other animals rely on these plant species as sources of food.

Many East Asian countries relied on heavy industry as key parts of their development strategies and many still do for economic growth. This reliance on heavy industry is typically a matter of government economic policy. Among Japanese and Korean firms with "heavy industry" in their names, many are also manufacturers of aerospace products and defense contractors to their respective countries' governments such as Japan's Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Fuji Heavy Industries, and Korea's Hyundai Rotem, a joint project of Hyundai Heavy Industries and Daewoo Heavy Industries.

In 20th-century communist states, the planning of the economy often focused on heavy industry as an area for large investments (at the expense of investing in the greater production of in-demand consumer goods), even to the extent of painful opportunity costs on the production–possibility frontier (classically, "lots of guns and not enough butter"). This was motivated by fears of failing to maintain military parity with foreign capitalist powers. For example, the Soviet Union's industrialization in the 1930s, with heavy industry as the favored emphasis, sought to bring its ability to produce trucks, tanks, artillery, aircraft, and warships up to a level that would make the country a great power. China under Mao Zedong pursued a similar strategy, eventually culminating in the Great Leap Forward of 1958–1960; an unsuccessful attempt to rapidly industrialize and collectivize, that lead to the largest famine in human history, killing up to 50 million people, whilst simultaneously severely depleting the production of agricultural products and not increasing the output of usable-quality industrial goods.latitude

Industrial activities such as the improper disposal of radioactive material, burning coal and fossil fuels, and releasing liquid waste into the environment contribute to the pollution of water, air, and wildlife. In regards to water pollution, when waste is disposed of in the environment, it affects the quality of the available water supply which has a negative impact on the ecosystem along with water supply used by farms for irrigation which in turn affects our crops. Heavy metal concentrations can become deadly once they pass certain thresholds, which lead to plant poisoning. Heavy metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic form dust fall particles and are harmful to the human body, with the latter two being carcinogens. Soil contamination also occurs as a result of heavy industry when those heavy metals sink into the ground contaminating the crops that reside among it. Long-term or short-term exposure of children to industry-based air pollution can cause several adverse effects, such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and even death. Children are also more susceptible to air pollution detriments than adults.

One of the most important branches of Uzbekistan's non-ferrous metallurgy is the gold industry. This network has large gold deposits with very rich and rare properties. In Central Asia, especially in the territory of Uzbekistan, gold mining and making various jewelry, jewelry and ornaments from it is a thousand years ago. It is known from archeological findings that it was already in VI-V centuries. There are Sochma and Button gold mines, and there is information that in the 10th-11th centuries, Sochma gold was mined in the valleys of the Chotkal, Chirchik, Norin, Koson, Suh, Zarafshan, and Darvaz rivers.
It is known that in the 30 years when Uzbek gold was taken to the center, the "Uzbekoltinnoyobmet" trust was established. At that time, gold prospectors in the Ohangaron, Chirchik river valleys, and Kurama mountains obtained gold sand by washing. Since the 1950s, prospecting has been carried out, and Karaquton, Bichanzor, Pirmirob, Guzaksoy, then Kuchbulok, Murintov, Chormiton, Marjonbulok, Kauldi, Kizilolmalisoy, Sarmich and other mines have been discovered. 1970 Chodak gold mine was put into operation. In those years, gold mining increased three times. In 1972, Kuchbulok mine and Angren gold separation plant began to work. 1977 Kauldi, 1980 Marjonbulok gold mining complex, 1989 Zarmitan and Kizilolmalisoy mines were commissioned. In the years of independence, the State Committee of Precious Metals of the Republic of Uzbekistan was established on the basis of the association "Uzbekistan", and this committee was transformed into the Association of Uzbekistan ("Ozolmosoltin") in 1994. (1991) are operating. Although gold has been mined in Uzbekistan since ancient times, its main deposits were discovered and exploited during the current decades. Currently, gold is mined from Marjonbulok, Chodak, and Murintov mines in the slopes of Nurota, Chotkal mountains and central Kyzylkum.

latitude [Isetej/uid]-kenglik moist [moist]-nam

excavate [ekskaveit]-qazimoq janitor [djaenatar] – bino nazoratchisi
overwork [ouvarwa.rk]-ortiqcha ishlamoq
negotiate [nigoujieit]-bitim tuzmoq staple [steipal]-asosiy
premium [pri :miam]-qo’shimcha haq
privilege [privalid3l-imtiyoz scrap [skraep]-bo’lak
morale [mourafel]-jamoaviy guruh
flaw [flo ]-yoriq , darz export [ikspo:rt]-sotmoq
collaborate [kalaebareit]-birgalikda ishlamoq
outfit [autfit]-kiyim blizzard [Wizard]-bo’ron
tract [traekt]-keng maydon phenomenal [findmanl]-noyob
scrutiny [skruiteni]-puxta tadqiqot charter [tjaAar]-nizom
centigrade [sentagreid]-selsiy shkalasi adhesive [*d h ( siv]-yelim
adverse [aedvairs]-zararli uproar [Apror] -shovqin
cavity [kaavati]-kovak scrutiny [skruiteni]-puxta tadqiqot
pierce [pi0rs]-teshmoq flammable [flsemabal]-tez yonuvchan
petroleum Ipitrouliam]-neft mob [mob]-to’da
depot [dkpou]-stansiya hazard [haezard]-xavf
hectare [hektear]-gektar advocate [aedvakeit]-qo’llab-quvvatlamoq
ore [o:r]-ruda compile [kampail]-to’plamoq
charcoal [tfaxkoul]-pista ko’mir apparatus [aeparaeitas]-apparat
granite [graenit]-granit
gravel [graeval]-shag’al