O‘zbekiston respublikasi xalq ta’limi vazirligi samarqand viloyati xalq ta’limi xodimlarini qayta tayyorlash va ularning malakasini oshirish hududiy markazi tillarni o‘itish metodikasi kafedrasi
Og`zaki nutq amaliyoti. o`quv uslubiy majmua. ingliz tili
| Part III (±10mins)
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3.1. T draws a conclusion of the lesson, explains the importance of the Practice 3.2. T announces the marks, analyzes the degree of achieved results 3.3. T. gives tasks for self-study and explains the assessment criteria |
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Ls listen attentively, ask their questions, write the tasks, self-assessment |
Tourism
Tourism is a complex phenomenon that can be conceptualized on several levels. It can be considered demographically, as the flow of temporary leisure migration across international boundaries (international tourism) or within the boundaries of a given country (domestic tourism). It can be thought of institutionally, as the system of enterprises (airlines, travel companies, touring agencies, hotels, resorts, guest houses, souvenir shops, restaurants, theme parks, and so on) and organizations (travel associations, local and national tourist authorities, and international tourist organizations) that process and serve that flow. Finally, it can be conceptualized socially, as the complex of attitudes, motivations, norms, and role models that regulate and shape that flow into a distinct institutional domain.
Traveling for leisure was common in many historical and premodern societies. Tourism as a socially recognized, separate institutional domain, however, emerged in western Europeonly in the course of the nineteenth century.
HISTORY
There have been two major precursors of modern tourism: (1)pilgrimagesto sacred places, which created basic services for travelers, such as hostelries, and formed routes that prefigured the itineraries of modern sightseeing tourism; (2)spas, or thermal springs, at which members of the European higher classes assembled to“take the waters,”which prefigured popular modern vacationing tourism on seaside beaches.
The Grand Tour of the British nobility and upper classes between the late sixteenth and the early nineteenth centuries was a form of secular pilgrimage to the centers of European antiquity and culture. In its course, an expanding core of major attractions and amenities developed, which constituted the basis of the emergent modern tourist system.
The development of modern tourism was made possible by major technological innovations in transportation, such as the steamship and the train, and later the car and the airplane, which facilitated the establishment of regular transportation services for large numbers of people. The demand for tourist services, however, was provoked by the economic and social changes that followed the Industrial Revolution: Industrial pollution and urbanization separated people from as yet unspoiled nature; the strains of modern life created demands for rest and recreation; secularization and imperial conquests led to a broadened outlook on the world and a growing interest in remote lands and people. The prosperous middle classes increasingly disposed of discretionary income, which enabled them to bear the costs of traveling, while the introduction of social benefits, such as paid vacations, enabled ever broader social strata to travel. The introduction by Cook, in 1841, of the package tour, was followed by other innovations in the organization of travel, such as the formation of travel companies and touring agencies, airlines, and hotel chains, which made traveling fast and easy, even for people with limited cultural capital.
The principal expansion of tourism took place in the second part of the twentieth century, and especially from the 1970s onward, with the emergence of mass tourism to popular destinations. Most citizens of affluent Western countries at the end of the century took at least one annual vacation abroad, and many took two or even more. Tourism from the non-Western countries, especially Japan, and, more recently, Indiaand China, expanded at an accelerating rate; experts predict that by 2010, one hundred million Chinese will be traveling abroad.
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