O‘zmu xabarlari Вестник нууз acta nuuz filologiya 1/4/1 2023 245

Key words: synonymy, nomination, semantic proximity, categorization, natural category. 
 
LEKSIK SINONIMIYA: MUAMMONI AN'ANAVIY VA KOGNITIV TUSHUNCHA 
Abstrakt 
Maqolada an'anaviy paradigmada sinonimiya nazariyasi rivojlanishining asosiy bosqichlari yoritilgan. Lingvistik eksperiment 
natijalariga ko'ra kognitivizm nuqtai nazaridan sinonimiya va sinonimik munosabatlarning yangi ko'rinishi taqdim etiladi. 
Kalit so‘zlar: sinonimiya, nominatsiya, semantik yaqinlik, turkumlashtirish, natural kategoriya. 
 
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКАЯ СИНОНИМИЯ: ТРАДИЦИОННО-КОГНИТИВНОЕ ВИДЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ 
Абстракт 
В статье выделены основные этапы развития теории синонимии в традиционной парадигме. Представлено новое 
видение синонимии и синонимических отношений с позиций когнитивизма, основанное на результатах 
лингвистического эксперимента. 
Ключевые слова: синонимия, номинация, семантическая близость, категоризация, природная категория. 
Introduction. Despite the fact that the problem of 
synonymy was at the center of structural and systemic 
research, it has remained debatable, and at the present stage, in 
a new scientific paradigm, researchers again and again return 
to the analysis of synonymous relations. 
Analysis. This is due to the fact that “synonymy is the 
philosophical side of the language, without which it is 
impossible to comprehend its spirit or achieve solid 
knowledge”1, and the achievements of modern science make 
it possible, through the phenomenon of synonymy, to reveal 
the features of the verbal and cognitive activity of the 
individual. 
The problem of lexical synonymy of the English 
language initially found a place for itself in "rhetorics", later it 
was one of the first lexicological problems, as well as one of 
the main problems of speech style. This can be observed in the 
works of M. V. Lomonosov, D. N. Fonvizin, A. Kalaidovich, 
A. I. Galich. I. I. Davydova et al. Questions of lexical 
synonyms, as well as problems of lexicology in general, were 
of little interest to linguists during the second half of the 19th 
and first half of the 20th centuries, but they become relevant 
by the middle of the 20th century. After the approval of 
semasiology as a separate scientific discipline, researchers 
delved into the study of the linguistic nature of synonymy, 
"putting more and more indefinite content into this concept".
When considering synonymy, starting from the end of 
the 18th century, the main question is the presence in the 
language of two or more words to denote the same concept. 
Considering the stylistic, expressive, emotional variety of 
synonyms, the authors (N. M. Ibragimov, S. G. Salarev, P. S. 
Kondyrev, P. F. Kalaidovich, A. I. Galich, I. I. Davydov, etc.) 
claim that the same there can be no words that are significant 
in meaning (single-meaning). They characterize synonyms as 
words "similar", "similar in meaning". From the very first 
observations of synonyms, philologists dwell on the 
differences between them and deny the possibility of the 
presence in the language of two words that are completely 
identical in meaning and use. Almost all studies of synonymy 
in a language come down to the assertion that synonyms are 
words of adjacent, almost the same meaning, that it is the 
differences between synonyms that determine their life in the 
language. 
Structural-system linguistics seeks to identify clear 
criteria when defining a particular linguistic phenomenon, 
which is practically impossible to do when identifying criteria 
for synonymy. If we take into account that until now there is 
no unambiguous definition of lexical meaning, then it is 
hardly possible to give a consistent definition of the proximity 
of meaning.