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participation 
in 
the 
mechanism 
of 
metaphorization of at least two subjects - main and auxiliary. 
Use of metaphors helps to better perceive abstract concepts 
and is extremely difficult situations. 
Metaphors are characterized by figurativeness and 
expressiveness, while terms are characterized by unambiguity 
and brevity. However, in the process of term formation 
eliminates the expressive component semantics, but the 
figurative component shifted to the periphery of the lexical 
meaning of the term. The metaphors we are considering are 
capable of forming new concepts, based on already formed 
ones, in order to obtain a new knowledge, which means that it 
is essentially cognitive, or conceptual. Cognitive metaphor 
creates polysemy because is to transfer the value. 
The anatomical section is of paramount importance for 
organization of the terminological system of medicine in 
general, which describes physical and structural features of a 
person. Anatomy considers the structure of the human body, 
individual organs and their systems that make up the body. As 
sources of metaphorization in English somatisms function 
most productively - these are the names structural elements of 
the human body (arm, leg, head, etc.). 
Metaphor is one of linguistic universals, manifested at 
all its levels. Phraseological unit is based on figurative 
metaphor. It is "standard", understandable to the entire 
language community because of this, she went through the 
process of making phraseological units. Metaphor and 
metonymy organize consciousness, are important mechanisms 
of cognition, as well as means of fixing the vision of the world 
and experience people. The study of metaphor and metonymy 
as meaning-generating phenomena helps to get an idea of the 
picture of the world of one or another people and their 
characteristics. 
Metaphor serves as a means of revealing the 
conceptual framework derivative words, a way of representing 
knowledge about the environment reality. Word-building 
metaphors are the result metaphorical rethinking in a 
derivative word of direct meaning generating word or 
combination of words. The presence word-formation metaphor 
is characterized by some semantic derivatives, but this 
phenomenon is most widespread in difficult words. Word-
building metaphor is selective in choice producing bases. It is 
the most productive among somatisms. 
One of the most contentious issues the problem of 
classifying metaphors remains, that, appears to be primarily 
related to the criteria to be followed take into account. This, in 
turn, leads to the appearance of a set of enough subjective 
classifications with overlapping and mutually exclusive 
“subgroups” of metaphors. One of the successful attempts to 
create classification of metaphors, in our opinion, has become 
theory set forth by J. Lakoff in his widely famous work 
“Metaphors we live by”. The researcher highlights the 
following metaphorically subspecies: orientational metaphors, 
ontological metaphors, personification, metonymy, structural 
metaphors, etc. The scientist expresses an interesting idea that 
metaphor is not the fruit of some rhetorical or poetic excesses, 
but is a kind global phenomenon, penetrating the daily life of 
any person, not necessarily associated with poetry or 
literature. It follows from this that enough paradoxical for an 
inexperienced person conclusion: the thinking of any 
individual is endowed, in to a greater or lesser extent, a 
property metaphorical. At the same time, conceptual the 
human system is structured and defined with using metaphor. 
Metaphors as Expressions natural language are possible 
precisely because they are metaphors for a conceptual system 
person. So... you should keep in mind what is meant 
metaphorical concept by metaphor. 
Also of unconditional interest is the process 
metaphorization 
of 
somatisms 
in 
the 
composition 
phraseological units. This interest is related to in that there is a 
transfer of content phraseological units into other conceptual 
spheres. The vast majority of phraseological somatisms belong 
to the personal sphere of a person and interpersonal contacts, 
which are conceptually characterized through a sign code 
human body. These include: 
emotional state, human feelings: to grit your teeth – to 
accept a difficult situation and deal with it. 
Example sentence: I usually grit my teeth when I get 
unsatisfactory comments for my food. 
ability (physical condition to do something): to keep a 
straight face - to manage to stop yourself from smiling or 
laughing 
Example sentence: My best friend tries to keep a 
straight face in the street. 
thinking processes: cross one's mind - if an idea 
crosses your mind, you think about it for a short time. 
Example sentence: When I was watching TV, my 
homework crossed my mind. 
interpersonal relationships and moral values: to see 
eye to eye with somebody - if two people see eye to eye, they 
agree with each other. 
Example sentence: I see eye to eye with my sibling in 
food choice. 
change position physically (movement): to turn on 
one's heel - to leave quickly and suddenly. 
Example sentence: A student asked some questions 
but his teacher was in a hurry and turned on his heel.
Thus, body/parts human body, covers a wide variety 
of aspects of being human, such as emotions, psychosomatics, 
speech, thinking, communication, value orientations and even 
movement. Wherein, each of the above subtypes, the process 
of metaphor is different.