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Page 32. Questions 1, 2, 3.

In the first example, we find many descriptive words that vividly depict a person's appearance. These are words like "unmistakable," "tall," "lanky," "rangy," "loose-jointed," "graceful," "closecropped," "formidably clean," and "American." These words give us a detailed and rich portrayal of the person's physical features.

In the second example, the focus is on emotions and psychology, not physical attributes. Phrases like "with all his heart and soul," "furiously," "jealously," and "vindictively" describe intense, emotional reactions. These words dig into the depth and intensity of Doll's feelings.

In the third example, we see a description of both physical and behavioral traits of Hauptwanger. Words like "straight," "lithe," "quick," "aggressive," "assertive," and "seeking" illustrate his appearance and personality. These words together create a clear image of Hauptwanger's demeanor.

Page 34. Questions 1, 2.

Hyperbole is a stylistic device that involves exaggeration to emphasize something. It's like an epithet but focuses on emotions. It's when the speaker gets really worked up and makes things sound bigger or more intense than they are. For example, in Andrew Marvell's poem "To His Coy Mistress," he talks about love growing "faster than empires."

We use hyperbole a lot in everyday speech. When we express our admiration or anger by saying things like "I'd watch this movie a hundred times" or "I've told you a thousand times," we're using hyperbole to show our strong feelings. However, these expressions have become so common that they've lost their originality and are just signals of strong emotions.

Hyperbole can result from other stylistic devices, like metaphors, similes, or irony. For instance, when we say "He has the tread of a rhinoceros" or "The man was like the Rock of Gibraltar," we're using hyperbole.

Hyperbole can be created with different parts of speech, but some words are used more often, like "all," "every," "everybody," and words for large numbers. Adverbs of time, such as "ever" and "never," also work.

The important thing about hyperbole is that both people in the conversation need to know it's exaggeration and not meant to be taken literally. If this understanding is missing, hyperbole can turn into a lie.

Sometimes, instead of exaggerating, we intentionally downplay something. This is called understatement. It's created and works the same way as hyperbole but in the opposite direction. It conveys a subjective impression rather than the actual state of things. In English, understatement is common in everyday speech, like saying "I'm rather annoyed" instead of "I'm furious." This is often seen in British polite speech.

Some hyperboles and understatements have become well-known, like "Snow White" or "Lilliput" from literature.

In creative writing, authors often use original stylistic devices that go beyond simple everyday expressions, creating a richer and more complex effect. These are typically found in the author's own speech rather than in dialogue.