Paper • open access machine for carrying out work on deep soiling with the simultaneous application of liquid organic fertilizers To cite this article: n b martynova et al 2020 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser

3. Results and discussion 
According to the test results, the performance of the machine was evaluated, data were obtained on the 
qualitative characteristics of the soil structure after the passage of the ripper (figure 2). 
a) b) c) 
Figure 2. Loosening by passive working bodies of different types: a) V-shaped; b) volumetric 
subsoiler; c) three-post. 
Before carrying out work on deep loosening, the porosity coefficient in the studied soils was in the 
range of 0.4 - 0.5. The loosening coefficient was 1.27 - 1.38 on soils of III - IV categories, increasing 
the pore volume to 60 - 75%, which indicates their suitability for further agricultural development (figure 
3). 

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APITECH II
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1679 (2020) 042091
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1679/4/042091
4
Figure 3. Dependence of the coefficient of loosening on the density of the soil 
during the operation of various types of passive rippers. 
The working speed of the machine was 2 ... 4 m/s, depending on the category of soil [12]. 
Liquid organic fertilizers were added to the resulting additional pore volume at the rate of 2...3 l/m
2
, 
which did not exceed 5% of the additional pore space formed, therefore, it can be assumed that the 
agromeliorative measures carried out will not disturb the water - air balance of the soil, significantly 
improving its composition, the expected increase in yield can be up to 15...20%. 
4. Conclusions 
Deep loosening is carried out to increase the permeability of mineral soils of III-IV groups, improve the 
structure and create favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants [13]. The use of 
passive volumetric rippers will make it possible to achieve a homogeneous fine crumbly soil structure 
without mixing their layers. To increase soil fertility, it is rational to add liquid organic fertilizers to the 
pore space enlarged as a result of loosening [17]. The developed design of the ripper-fertilizer will allow 
combining deep loosening and application of liquid organic fertilizers, which will reduce the number of 
machine passes, increase work productivity, and reduce energy consumption.