Pension fund systems & capital markets: International experience and prospects for China
9 November 2022
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(3) Pension fund systems in Germany and Denmark
Germany
’s and Denmark’s pension fund systems are also based on the “three-pillar”
model, but the specific pensions and functions forming each pillar are different (see Figure
3).
Germany has three levels in
its pension system
― the first level is basic pension
insurance and the second is additional pension insurance, both entitled to government tax
incentives. The third level is private voluntary pension insurance which
does not enjoy
government subsidies.
Denmark’s pension fund system consists of three pillars: public pensions, occupational
pensions and personal pensions. Public pensions affords basic protection for Danish
citizens’ livelihoods; occupational pensions ensure adequate income when workers leave
the labour market; and personal pensions
fulfil the pensioners’
specific needs for their
post-retirement life (see Figure 3).
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