Plants and Animals - Eukaryotic cells are broken into a few categories
- However the main two types of cells that we are concerned with are plants and animals
- We interact with plants and animals more often than other types of cells
- These two cells are similar to each other but very different from prokaryotes
Plants and Animals - Plants and animal cells have fundamental differences
- The differences between plant and animal cells create the differences in the organisms that we see
Animal Cells - Lets start with what we are familiar
- Animal cells can be unicellular or multicellular
- They are versatile cells that can move and adapt to new environments
Animal Cells - Animal cells cannot produce their own food
- Food must come from an outside source
- This means that if animal cells are separated from a food source for an extended period of time, they will die
Animal Cells - Almost all of the structures of animal cells are in plant cells
- The few exceptions are lysosomes* and centrioles
- Cillia and flagella are much more common in animals than plants
Plant Cells - A plant cell is a rigid and fixed cell that has a cell wall
- Plant cells can be unicellular or multicellular
- Most plant cells are finely tuned to their environment
Plant Cells - Most plant cells have the ability to create their own food
- The most common way that plant cells will create their own food is through photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process that entails plants taking in sunlight, water and carbon dioxide and creating sugars and oxygen
Plant Cells - Plant cells perform photosynthesis in a structure called the chloroplast
- The chloroplast contains the pigments chlorophyll
- Chlorophyll captures light energy that the chloroplast can use to create sugars
Plant Cells - Plant cells have a few other structures that are not seen in animal cells
- Cell walls surround, protect and support a plant cell
- Plasmodesmata are small openings in that cell wall that allow plants to share resources within an organism
Plant Cells - A large central vacuole is also a unique feature to a plant
- It provides a storage area for water and aqueous solutions
- It also provides an outward pressure to the cell wall which supports the plant
- The outward pressure is called Turgor pressure
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