Pokonferencyjna

Key words: Turkish- Russia relation, Caucasus, military-air forces, Kurdistan, 
Baku – Tbilisi-Djehan, Redjep Erdogan, Vladimir Putin

---

20 
MONOGRAFIA POKONFERENCYJNA
vices, but Turkmen insurgents are trained 
and supplied Turkey  – on the earth 
through border to Syria has shot and has 
killed another as he was a parachute from 
the plane. The Russian military men as-
serted, that the Turkish action was 
planned-charge which has given up to the 
Turkish Joint Staff. Originally having con-
firmed, that its rules the President of 
Turkey Redjep Erdogan has expressed a 
regret apropos failure of the plane and its 
hope that crisis can be resolved. From 
measures which were immediately under-
taken by Russian, apparently, that Mos-
cow is ready such incident. The Russian 
government has entered economic sanc-
tions, which Turkish trading, building 
and tourist sectors, exchanges which Tur-
key immensely have benefited.
1
However, the shooting down of the 
Russian bomber aircraft was not the 
cause, but rather the symptom, of a tec-
tonic reversal in the geopolitical dynam-
ics underlying prior cooperation between 
the two countries. The most remarkable 
feature of the crisis between Russia and 
Turkey is that they continued to maintain 
their strong economic relations, including 
approximately 30  billion USD in annual 
trade between 2011 and 2014, agreement 
on the building of Turkey’s first nuclear 
power plant by Russia in 2008, and be-
tween three and four million Russian 
tourists visiting Turkey every year. How-
ever, despite developing strong economic 
ties, Russia and Turkey have continued to 
have significant and very consequential 
1   Erdem Özlük, “Uluslararası İlişkilerde Özür 
Dilemek: Özrün Kuramı”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 
11(44), 2015, p. 51-78.
geopolitical conflicts of interest over Cau-
casus
2
In the military relation Russia declared 
expansion more advanced S-400 rockets of 
a class “earth-air” in Syria and continued to 
strengthen positions Turkmen brigades 
which Turkey has organized, has trained, 
supplied with the weapon and money and 
supported completely in their struggle 
against Asad. Actually, the Russian mili-
tary-air forces have been destroyed these 
brigades as within the limits of campaign 
of Moscow for easing so-called moderated 
insurgents in Syria, and also to strike back 
in Turkey for knocking down.
But Moscow has not undertaken any 
steps on reduction of volume of gas which it 
delivers to Turkey and did not use depen-
dence of Turkey on Russia for 55 percent of 
consumption of gas. Nowadays the political 
situation in the Caucasian region is ousting 
as an information agenda events around the 
Middle East and Ukraine. However, despite 
attention of experts and diplomats, this re-
gion still keeps its the strategic importance.
At first, this region appeared as a unre-
solved conflict where mostly confrontations 
has happening between Azerbaijan and Ar-
menia. Azerbaijan had been destroyed Ar-
menian military helicopter Mi-24 and these 
incidents became the first cases of destruc-
tion of a fighting vehicle of aircraft and utili-
zation of the tank technics in a conflict zone.
3
2   Idiz, Semih. “Will Turkey risk military confron-
tation with Russia?”, Al Monitor, February 2, 2016. 
nals/2016/02/turkey-russia-moscow-tries-to-draw-
ankara-into-fight.html>
3   http://www.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/252305/ 
2014.- 13 ноября. //https://lenta.ru/
news/2015/12/09/karabakh 2015. – 9 декабря 
http://m.lenta.ru/news/2016/04/02/karabah/ 2016.- 
2 апреля.

---

  21 
PHILOLOGY,  SOCIOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY №14
Secondly, Russia and the USA still con-
sider Southern Caucasus as area for a geopo-
litical competition, and events around Ukraine 
only shade, but have not cancelled this fact. 
For Russia incorporating seven republics of 
the North Caucasus and with neighboring 
countries sees as internal political notice, espe-
cially in security sphere.
If we look interest of Turkey to Caucasus 
we can define it following several base factors. 
First, it has strong communications with Azer-
baijan. Ankarа recognized independence of 
this country on December, 9th, 1991, after 
signing of agreements. And for the last quarter 
of the century two states have signed strategic 
allies. Turkey consistently supports territorial 
integrity of Azerbaijan also censure actions of 
Armenia in Карабахе. Turkish military men 
accept active participation in preparation of the 
Azerbaijan officer.
Also Azerbaijan and Turkey are involved in 
various power projects such as Baku – Tbilisi-
Djehan and Baku – Tbilisi – Erzurum and in-
frastructural programs like railway of Baku-
gasped – Akhalklaki -Tbilisi-Kars).
4
Secondly, the considerable role is played 
by the factor of the Caucasian diasporas. Ac-
cording to information 10 % of the popula-
tions of modern Turkey have communication 
with Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasia. 
Approximate number of natives from Cauca-
sian region is estimated in 3-5  million per-
sons, Azerbaijanis – 3 million, the Georgian – 
2-3  million. Many of them conduct active 
public and the lobbyist and many of them are 
presented in army, parliament, and media 
4  Aydin M. Changing Dynamics of Turkish For-
eign and Security Policies in the Caucasus // Reas-
sessing Security in the South Caucasus Regional 
Conflicts and Transformation. Ashgate Publishing 
Company. 2011. P. 117–120.
structures. Among the most influential orga-
nization are Kafka’s Derneği («the Caucasian 
Association»), Kafka’s Vakf and Birleşik Kaf-
ka’s Dernekleri Federasyonu Federation the 
Caucasian associations »). 
5
Hence, we speak about division of the 
Caucasian region in a case of confronting 
zone between Russia and Turkey, we can pres-
ent three scenario
The first is struggle for preservation of the 
present status quo. Russia, not having resolved 
problems in Syria and Ukraine, hardly will want 
to break a current situation on the Caucasus