Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs: a cross-linguistic study

5.2.2. SUMMARY 
In the previous section, a typology of the main properties that characterise the 
different sense modalities has been presented. These properties are organised in 
accordance with two parameters: one parameter is the interrelations between the three 
elements involved in the perceptual process: PR, OP, and P. Another parameter is the 
distribution of these properties in the senses. All the properties proposed in this section 
are considered ‘1
st
order properties’. The classification of these properties is summarised 
in Table 5.1.

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B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano 
Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 
152
(1) 
(2) Properties 
VISION 
HEAR 
TOUCH
SMELL 
TASTE 
PRÆ OP A
 
no
no
yes
no
yes
 
no
no
yes
yes
yes
 
no
yes
no
yes
yes
 
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
B 
 
yes
 
yes
yes
PRÆ P 
A 
 
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
 
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
 
yes
no
yes
no
yes
B 
------------- 
OP Æ P 
A 
------------- 
B 
 
yes
 
yes
yes
 
yes
yes
Table 5.1: Organisation of ‘1
st
order properties’ in the sense modalities. 
At this point, it is important to comment very briefly on the terminology used 
when describing these 1
st
order properties in Table 5.1. According to the second 
parameter, 1
st
order properties are classified into two groups: ‘A level properties’ 
(applicable to all senses) and ‘B level properties’ (applicable to only some senses). For 
‘A level properties’, there are two different values assigned to the property: positive and 
negative. 
Yes
and 
no
express this respectively. For ‘B level properties’, a 
yes
indicates 
those senses to which the property is applicable. Empty boxes mean that the respective 
property is not applicable to that sense.