Практикум по устной речи по английскому языку учебное пособие для студентов-медиков

Тема 19. Болезни полости рта и их лечение
ORAL DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT


Задание 1. Слушайте и запоминайте следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. 
   periodontal относящийся к периодонту
   
2. 
   to attack поражать
   
3. 
   gum десна
   
4. 
   ligament связка
   
5. 
   pregnancy беременность
   
6. 
   filling пломба
   
7. 
   bridge мост
   
8. 
   bleeding кровотечение
   
9. 
   swollen опухший
   
10. 
    permanent постоянный
    
11. 
    to become loose расшатываться
    
12. 
    rapidly быстро
    
13. 
    adult взрослый
    
14. 
    mild слабый, умеренный
    
15. 
    plaque бляшка, налет
    
16. 
    to irritate раздражать
    
17. 
    tender болезненный
    
18. 
    to detach отделять, отсоединяться
    
19. 
    pocket карман
    
20. 
    to expose обнажать, оголять
    
21. 
    susceptible восприимчивый
    
22. 
    decay налет, гниение
    
23. 
    sensitive чувствительный
    
24. 
    touch прикосновение
    
25. 
    socket гнездо, лунка
    
26. 
    extraction удаление
    
27. 
    thorough тщательно
    
28. 
    scaling снятие зубных отложений
    
29. 
    planing сглаживание, выравнивание
    
30. 
    tartar зубные плотные отложения,
    

зубной камень

31. 
    to restore восстанавливать
    
32. 
    to smooth шлифовать
    
33. 
    graft трансплантат
    
34. 
    splint шина
    

Задание 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Повторяйте за диктором в паузу:

PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT

Periodontal diseases are caused by bacterial infections that attack gums, ligaments and the bone structure. Poor oral hygiene, smoking or poor diet, some types of drugs, pregnancy, defective fillings and bridges can increase risk of periodontal diseases. The signs of periodontal diseases are:

• 
  easy bleeding from gums;
  
• 
  swollen and red gums;
  
• 
  permanent teeth become loose;
  
• 
  persistent bad breath or bad taste;
  
• 
  gums pull away from the teeth;
  
• 
  any changes in the fit of dentures.
  

There are several kinds of periodontal diseases. Some of them develop slowly and without any pain, while others progress rapidly. These diseases may occur at any age, but for adults they are the main cause of tooth loss.
Gingivitis is a mild periodontal disease, which develops when toxins in plaque irritate the gums, making them red, tender, swollen and easy to bleed.
Periodontitis is a serious periodontal disease. The gums detach from teeth, and pockets are formed. Exposed teeth roots become susceptible to decay and sensitive to cold and touch. If not treated, the affected teeth become loose in their sockets. They may fall out or require extraction by a dentist.
Treatment methods depend on the type of disease and the patient's condition. The first stage usually involves thorough cleaning. Sometimes dentists place antibiotic fibers into periodontal pockets after scaling and planning tooth roots. To restore periodontal health, dentists use different ultrasound instruments to reach areas requiring removal of tartar, which causes chronic infection. Tooth roots are cleaned and smoothed.
Sometimes bone surgery is required. Gums are returned back to their usual position or are placed into a new position. Grafts of the patient's bone or artificial bone may be used, as well as membranes. To stabilize loose teeth dentists often use splints.