Present simple – hozirgi oddiy zamon
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rules for all tenses
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Did she use to spend/Did she spend a lot of money when she was single? – U turmushga chiqmagan
paytida ko’p pul sarflarmidi? ! O’tgan zamonda aniq bir paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harkatlarga nisbatan used to emas, balki past simple ishlatamiz. He visited Paris last month. (NOT: He used to visit to Paris last month). – U o’tgan oy Parijga bordi. 2. Be used to – bu birikmadan keyin ot, olmosh yoki fe’lning –ing shakli kelib, o’zbek tiliga odatlangan (o’rgangan) bo’lmoq deb tarjima qilinadi. Gapning zamoni be yordamchi fe’lida o’zgaradi va so’roq hamda inkor shakllar ham shunga mos ravishda umumiy qoida bo’yicha yasaladi. Used to hech qaysi shaklda o’zgarmaydi. 19 𝒃𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 + 𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝑽 𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝒃𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 + 𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝑽 𝒊𝒏𝒈 Darak gap So’roq gap Inkor gap + noun They are used to hot weather. They are accustomed to hot weather. Ular issiq ob-havoga odatlanishgan (o’rganishgan). Are they used to hot weather? Are they accustomed to hot weather? Ular issiq ob-havoga odatlanishganmi (o’rganishganmi)? They aren’t used to hot weather. They aren’t accustomed to hot weather. Ular issiq ob-havoga odatlanishmagan (o’rganishmagan). + V ing I’m used to getting up early. I’m accustomed to getting up early. Men erta turishga odatlanganman. Are you used to getting up early? Are you accustomed to getting up early? Siz erta turishga odatlanganmisiz? I’m not used to getting up early. I’m not accustomed to getting up early. Men erta turishga odatlanmaganman. + pronoun She lives in a very small village and hates traffic. She’s not used to it. U juda kichkina bir qishloqda yashaydi va mashinalar qatnovini yomon ko’radi. U bunga odatlanmagan. 3. Get used to – bu birikmadan keyin ot, olmosh yoki fe’lning –ing shakli kelib, o’zbek tiliga yangi ish- harakatga ko’nikmoq (moslashmoq) deb tarjima qilinadi. Gapning zamoni get fe’lida o’zgaradi va so’roq hamda inkor shakllar ham shunga mos ravishda umumiy qoida bo’yicha yasaladi. Used to hech qaysi shaklda o’zgarmaydi. 𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 + 𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝑽 𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 + 𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒏 𝑽 𝒊𝒏𝒈 Darak gap So’roq gap Inkor gap + noun Mary is getting used to life in the city. Mary is becoming accustomed to life in the city. Is Mary getting used to life in the city? Is Mary becoming accustomed to life in the city? Mary isn’t getting used to life in the city. Mary isn’t becoming accustomed to life in the city. 20 Mary shahardagi hayotga ko’nikyapti. Mary shahardagi hayotga ko’nikyaptimi? Mary shahardagi hayotga ko’nikmayapti. + V ing They will soon get used to cooking their own meals. They will soon become accustomed to cooking their own meals. Ular tez orada o’zlarining taomini tayyorlashga ko’nikishadi. Will they soon get used to cooking their own meals? Will they soon become accustomed to cooking their own meals? Ular tez orada o’zlarining taomini tayyorlashga ko’nikishadimi? They won’t soon get used to cooking their own meals. They won’t soon become accustomed to cooking their own meals. Ular tez orada o’zlarining taomini tayyorlashga ko’nikishmaydi. + pronoun Simon had never lived in a tropical country before, but he quickly got used to it. He quickly became accustomed to it. Simon avval hech qachon tropik davlatda yashamagan edi, lekin u tezda unga ko’nikdi. Did Simon quickly get used to it? Did Simon quickly become accustomed to it? Simon unga tezda ko’nikdimi? Simon didn’t quickly get used to it. Simon didn’t quickly become accustomed to it. Simon unga tezda ko’nikmadi. Past Simple versus Present Perfect O’tgan oddiy zamon va hozirgi tugallangan zamonning farqlari Past Simple Present Perfect 1. O’tgan zamonda aniq bir paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Ish-harakatning sodir bo’lgan vaqti ko’rsatiladi yoki allaqachon ma’lum bo’ladi yoki boshqacha usulda nazarda tutiladi. Kate Steele wrote her first novel in 1970. – Keyt Stil o’zining birinchi romanini 1970 yilda yozgan. (qachon yozgan degan savolga javob bor – 1970 yilda) 1. O’tgan zamonda noma’lum bir paytda sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. Ish- harakatning sodir bo’lgan vaqti na ko’rsatiladi na nazarda tutiladi. Kate Steele has written a lot of successful novels. – Keyt Stil ko’plab muvaffaqiyatli romanlar yozgan. (qachon yozgan degan savolga javob yo’q) Lekin, vafot etgan odamlarning hayoti haqida gapirganda past simple ishlatamiz ,xattoki ish- harakatning sodir bo’lish payti ko’rsatilmagan bo’lsa ham. William Shakespeare wrote ‘Romeo and Juliet.’ – Vilyam Shekspir “Romeo va Julieta”ni yozgan. (qachon yozgan degan savolga javob yo’q, lekin Shekspir vafot etib ketganligi uchun bu gapni past simple zamonida ifodalaymiz.) 2. O’tgan zamonda boshlanib, o’tgan zamonning o’zida tugagan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan. George Barns was a basketball player for ten years. – Jo’rj Barns o’n yil davomida basketbolchi 2. O’tgan zamonda boshlanib, hozir ham davom etayotgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan present perfect yoki present perfect continuous ishlatish mumkin. 21 bo’lgan. (u o’tgan zamonda basketbolchi bo’lgan va o’n yil shunday davom etib, o’tgan zamonning o’zida uning basketbolchiligi tugagan. Hozir u basketbolchi emas, hozir murabbiy.) Jim Presley has worked/has been working as a waiter for fifteen years. – Jim Presli o’n besh yildan beri ofitsiant bo’lib ishlaydi. (ofitsiantlikni o’n besh yil ilgari boshlagan va hozir ham ofitsiant.) Biror-bir yangilikni aytishda present perfect zamonidan foydalanamiz. Lekin, aynan o’sha yangilik haqida qo’shimcha ma’lumot berish uchun past simple yoki past continuous zamonlaridan foydalanamiz. I’ve just seen the new boss. I was talking to Carol on the phone when he came in. – Men hozirgina yangi boshliqni ko’rdim. U kirib kelganida men telefonda Kerl bilan gaplashayotgan edim. Past Perfect – O’tgan tugallangan zamon Darak gap (Affirmative) So’roq gap (Interrogative) Inkor gap (Negative) 𝑺 + 𝒉𝒂𝒅(′𝒅) + 𝑽 𝟑 𝑯𝒂𝒅 + 𝑺 + 𝑽 𝟑 ? 𝑺 + 𝒉𝒂𝒅 𝒏𝒐𝒕(𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒏′𝒕) + 𝑽 𝟑 The children had finished doing their homework by nine o’clock. – Bolalar uyga vazifalarini qilishni soat 9 gacha tugatib bo’lishgan edi. Had the children finished doing their homework by nine o’clock? – Bolalar uyga vazifalarini qilishni soat 9 gacha tugatib bo’lishgan edimi? The children had not finished doing their homework by nine o’clock. – Bolalar uyga vazifalarini qilishni soat 9 gacha tugatib bo’lishmagan edi. He’d sent the letters two days before. – U ikki kun oldin xatlarni jo’natib bo’lgan edi. Had he sent the letters two days before? – U ikki kun oldin xatlarni jo’natib bo’lgan edimi? He hadn’t sent the letters two days before. – U ikki kun oldin xatlarni jo’natib bo’lmagan edi. Download 1.4 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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